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Vitamins 1 > Vitamins 1 > Flashcards

Vitamins 1 Flashcards

1
Q

40 essential micronutrients

A
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2
Q

Casimir Funk

A

Founder of Vitamins

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3
Q

vitaminers

A

similar structures but slightly different chemical structures

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4
Q

How many vitamins have been recognised

A

13

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5
Q

what are the key functions of vitamins

A

immune system, gene expression, ATP production, hormones and manufacturing blood cells

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6
Q

what a nutrients that you can survive without

A

phytonutrients- rainbow colours longer life

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7
Q

where are vitamins absorbed

A

In the small intestines

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8
Q

what are vitamins?

A

carbon containing compounds

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9
Q

What are the essential vitamins essential to ATP?

A

B1, 2, 2, 5

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10
Q

what is B5 essential for?

A

needed for synthesis of coenzymes

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11
Q

What does vitamiins in food need

A

Needs activation - they are cofactors proteins that accerelrate reactions
e.g phase 1 liver dextofixation.

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12
Q

what are the two types of vitamins

A

Fat soluble and water soluble
If you not consume fat you cant absorbed fat soluble vitamins

A< D< E and K

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13
Q

fat soluble

A

harder to discrete

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14
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B and C- completed be depleted quickly

exception b12 as can store in the liver

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15
Q

insufficiency

A

early signs and symptoms- low in the nutrient- reduction in storage vague symptoms.
- rare for deficiency most common insufficiency.

Patient appears normal but they report not feeling right.
sub-clinical best time to turn symptoms around

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16
Q

Vitamin A

A

they have different forms and need to be activated in the body.
Retinol - health of the retina
Retinal - Vision (colour) rod/cones enable colour vison
Retinoic Acid- growth DNA level- genetic expression , heart lungs, kidneys

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17
Q

Vitamin A- conversions

A

Rational can be converted to retinol and acid but not the other way round

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18
Q

what are the two types of Vit A

A

Pro- vitamin

prefformed

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19
Q

Pro Vit A

A

beta carotenes can make more Vitamin A

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20
Q

vitamin A where is more bioavailable

A

Animal sources

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21
Q

tress

A

oxidation potential of the sun- tress in the autumn turn orange. Chrollphel

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22
Q

Sources of Vitamin A

A

clave have 50 times more of VIT A than eggs

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23
Q

absorption and conversion

A

The higher the need for retinal the higher the need by pro- Vitamin A

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24
Q

absorption rates

A

5-60 % need to have healthy fats as carotenoids are fat soluble

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25
Q

conversion to beta carotenoids to retinal

A

BCO1 gene beta carotenoid oxygenated 1

Yellowing of the skin carteneninama and does always mean that should be something to do with the skin

26
Q

Tolerable upper limit TUL

A

Safety zone 3000 mcg pre-formed Vit A

27
Q

Dosages what is RAE?

A

1 RAE = 1 mcg of retinol = 12 mcg of
beta-carotene = 24 mcg of alpha-carotene
or beta-cryptoxanthin from dietary sources.

Supplements conversion is: 2mcg beta-carotene = 1mcg retinol

28
Q

ALex vasquise- virual - check it out

A
29
Q

Vit A
Vision & Eye
Health:

A

Required for rhodopsin – the lightsensitive protein involved in
converting light into an electrical
signal that goes into the brain’s visual
cortex, giving the message of sight.

30
Q

Uses of Vit A

A

integrgety of mucous membrane- generated cells

Low resistant to infections

31
Q

adressing the bability

A

bile flow and production in the liver-to assess the abparotyion of fats

32
Q

why is Zinc important of the absorption of Vit A

A

its unlocks Retinol binding protein which moves Vit A form liver storage for tissue utilisation

33
Q

RNI

A

6-7 RNI

Tolerable upper limits is 3000

34
Q

Lean more to carotinods than pre-formed

A
35
Q

patient with ache who is vegan

A

Rentinol. Vit A
Carotinoids, carrots, squash,
leafy greens,
Punkin seeds, legumes and pulses

36
Q

Vitamin D

A

Best source is the sun

37
Q

What are the two types of vIt D

A

D2 - no in human or aminl source. mushroom in the sunlight

38
Q

high cololestrol

A

need more sunlight before putting on stainins

39
Q

How to activated ViT D

A

has to be actived to become actively useful, by hydrolysation

40
Q

what is tolerable upper limit of Vit D

A

4000 IU

41
Q
A

thr more diverse the microbirone the most toleran our immune system

42
Q

hopefortoday1

A
43
Q

every cell has RDA receptor on it

A
44
Q

Vit E

A
45
Q
A

tocopherols saturated

tocotrienols - non saturated

46
Q

Vit E- lipoproteins

A

Stored and does most of it work

47
Q

vit E is not a cofactor

A

principal role- free radical scavenger. helps keep our fat stable

48
Q

Vit K

A

blood clotting proteins

deficiency lack of clotting factor

49
Q

THREE TYPES

A
  1. k1 ( PHYLLOQUINIE) dark green levaes WE activates K1 INTO K2.
    made
  2. K2- mainly from bacteria
  3. K3 0- not new about
50
Q

Vit B1- energy production

A

the b vitamins are found in the outer cashing of rice.

51
Q

B1 - nerve conduction

A

1.1.-1. mg per day

4 in pregnant woman

52
Q

B2

A

there is a limit to how much you can absorb. Yellow urine

roman lettuce- high in B2

53
Q

b2

hopefortoday17

A

SKIN- FIRST PLACE TO SHOW DEFICEINY

helps with migraines- Dolovent good supplement

54
Q

B3-niacin- Vital of tryptophan - mood and sleep

A

food sources turkey, osages 14-16 mg per day

nIctodminde non flash variation

55
Q
A

nicotinmide - found in the blood

56
Q

B5- pantothenic - means found everywhere, needed for neurotransmitters

A

work at the part where energy is manufactured.

57
Q

sugery depletes b5

A
58
Q

B6 - good for premenstrual symptoms, morning sickness

A

long term used can cuase tingling

100 mg per day upper limit

59
Q

B7- Bitoin- very stable, less likely to be degraded

A

modifying transcription factors that modify gene expression.

immume system, heart attack, hormones .

if you getting a blood test stop of 5 days - for a accurate reading

60
Q

b Vitamins are needed to work together to work

A

look up insuffieceny of b12

61
Q

b12 and folate if deficient in one usually deficient in another

A

30 % of poulation to not methylate

62
Q

ask for b12 injection

A

urine test is best was to test b12

Vitamins 1 (1 decks)

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