Vitamin Supplementation Flashcards
inadequate vitamin intake populations
impoverished, elderly, anorexics, fad diets, parenteral nutrition
what are the 13 vitamins
thiamine, riboflavin, naicin, biotin, pantothenic acid, B6, B12, folate
ascorbic acid (Vit C)
A, D, E, K
what are the water sol B vitamins for energy release
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid
what are the water soluble B vitamins for hematopoiesis
B6, B12, folate
what are the fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
thiamine (aka \_\_\_?\_\_\_) moa requirements increased when\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ max abs deficiency in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Vitamin B1!
coenzyme in multiple rxns
requirements increased with high carbohydrate consumption and in metabolic rate (athlete)
max absorption is 8-15mg/d
deficiency in alcoholics causes neurologic sequelae, Wernicke’s Encephalopathy, Korsakoff’s psychosis
RIbofalvin (aka \_\_\_?\_\_\_) moa inc requirements \_\_\_\_\_\_ AE deficiency is common or rare?
Vitamin B2!
role in numerous respiratory (oxidative) systems
inc requirements with metabolic stress and physical activity
AE: bright yellow urine!
deficiency is RARE
Niacin (aka ___?___)
moa
deficiency state term, sx and tx
Vitamin B-3! made of nicotinic acid + nicotinamide deficiency state = Pellagra w sx of the three Ds Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia tx = aggressively high doses
Pyridoxine (aka ___?___)
moa
DDI
Vitamin B-6
coenzyme
DDI: levodopa, phenobarbital, phenytoin
Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxycobalamin use/moa storage dose DDI deficiency causes
coenzyme for cell growth and replication
100mcg IM q month
DDI w metformin, PPIs and HrRAs
deficient in >50 yo, macrocytic anemia, irreversible nervous system damage
folic acid (aka \_\_?\_\_) moa/use important in \_\_\_\_\_, what dose? deficiency with which meds
Vitamin B9
DNA synthesis and hematopoiesis
important in pregnant patients, 0.6mg/day
reduced by MTX, TMP, POC, phenytoin
should you supplement with B12 or folic acid first
B-12 bc folic acid masks decreased B12 which can lead to irreversible nervous system damage
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
moa
increased requirements in:
deficiency =
cofactor for electron transfer in enzymes, collagen synthesis, wound healing
inc requirements: smokers need 100mg/d
burn patients need 1-2g/
500mg/d x 7-10d to enhance wound healing perioperatively
deficiency = scurvy
Vitamin A
moa
requires _________ to be absorbed
deficiency leads to
retinal fxn, growth and diff of epithelial tissues, bone growth, immune function
requires bile salts, pancreatic lipase and dietary fate to be abs
deficiency –> blindness
what dose of vitamin A is considered teratogenic
> 25,000 IU/day
Vitamin E
moa
significance?
antioxidant, enhances vitamin A absorption
no nutritional significance
Vitamin D
deficiency prone groups
fxn
preferred forms
age, skin color, geography, sun exposure
fxns as steroid hormone
ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) preferred
potential benefits of vitamin D
CVD, DM< respiratory diseases, eye disease, infectious disease, neurologic disease, cancer
_____ IU will inc blood concentrations of calcidiol by _____ ng/mL
100IU –> 1ng/mL
who are at inc risk of falls with vitamin D supplementation
elderly
higher dose regimen AE
falls in elderly
URI
which vitamins should not be used in the primary or secondary prevention of CVD
E, C, beta carotene, B6, B12
folic acid and pregnancy
folic acid should be used in childbearing years to prevent neural tube defects
which vitamins are required for post op of all bariatric surgery types
D, B1, B12, thiamine
