Vitamin Structures Flashcards by Oliver Woodroffe

Q

β-carotene

A

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Q

Retinol (A)

A

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Q

Calciferol (D)

A

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Q

Tocoferol (E)

A

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Q

Phylloquinone (K)

A

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Q

Thiamine (B₁)

A

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Q

Riboflavin (B₂)

A

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Q

Niacin (B₃)

A

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Q

Pantothenic Acid (B₅)

A

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Q

Pyridoxine (B₆)

A

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Q

Biotin (H)

A

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Q

Folic Acid (B₉)

A

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Q

Cobalamin (B₁₂)

A

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Q

Ascorbic acid (C)

A

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Q

Choline structure

A

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Q

Inositol

A

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Q

Nicotinamide/NADP⁺ formation

A

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Q

Sources of Retinol

A

B-carotene
Cod liver oil
Orange + yellow vegetables
Broccoli
Fruit

Q

Deficiency of Retinol

A

Hyperkeratinisation
Xerophthalmia
Keratomalacia
Exostosis
Abnormal sperm/oocytes

Q

Sources of Cholecalciferol

A

Liver
Eggs
Milk
Sundried hay
Cheese

Q

Deficiency of Cholecalciferol

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia
Poor eggshell formation

Q

Sources of Tocopherol

A

Grain oils
Wheat germ oils
Egg
Butter
Milk
Meat

Q

Deficiency of Tocopherol

A

Sterility in males
White muscle disease
Crazy chicken disease
Encephalomalacia
Brain oedema

Q

Sources of Phylloquinone

A

Alfa alfa
Cabbage
Chestnut leaves
Kale
Sprouts
Broccoli

Q

Deficiency of Phylloquinone

A

Poor blood clotting
Haemorrhage
Poor bone formation

Q

Sources of Thiamine

A

Meat
Fish
Milk
Outer layer of wholegrains

Q

Deficiency of Thiamine

A

Polyneurotitis in poultry
Beri-beri
Chasteks paralysis
Necrotic encephalopathy

Q

Sources of Riboflavin

A

Cereals
Nuts
Green leaves
Yeast
Eggs
Avocados
Fish
Meat

Q

Deficiency of Riboflavin

A

Slow growth
Symmetric dermatitis
Curled toe disease
Periodic ophthalmia

Q

Sources of Niacin

A

Dairy
Poultry
Fish
Lean Meat
Nuts
Eggs

Q

Deficiency of Niacin

A

Pellegra - DDD
Black tongue (dog)

Q

Sources of Pantothenic acid

A

Meat
Avocados
Mushroom
Peppers
Yeast

Q

Deficiency of Pantothenic acid

A

Achromotrochia
Chicken Pellegra
Anaemia
‘Goose-stepping’

Q

Sources of Folic acid

A

Beans
Legumes
Citrus fruits
Wholegrains
Meat
Microbial synthesis

Q

Deficiency of Folic acid

A

Macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia
Slow growth

Q

Sources of Pyridoxine

A

Grains
Yeast
Meat
Liver
Eggs

Q

Deficiency of Pyridoxine

A

Neural damage (GABA ↓)
Normocytic anaemia

Q

Sources of Ascorbic acid

A

Fresh fruit + veg
Ø Microbial synthesis
Ø Storage
Synthesis of ascorbic acid

Q

Give the steps of Ascorbic acid synthesis

A

Glucose
UDP-glucose
UDP Glucuronate
α-gluconate
α-gluconolactone
2-keto-2-gluconolactone
Ascorbic acid

Q

Deficiency of Ascorbic acid

A

Scurvey
Heat stress in birds
Anaemia
Weakened bones
Slowed skin growth

Q

Sources of biotin

A

Nuts
Grains
Liver
Egg yolk
Microbial synthesis

Q

Deficiency of biotin

A

Dermatitis
Alopecia
Skin irritation
Slow growth
Necrotic hood damage
Bloody ulcers of foot and tongue

Q

Sources of Cobalamine

A

Animal origin:

Milk
Eggs
Milk

Q

Deficiency of Cobalamine

A

Macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia
Ø Purine + thymine synthesis
Lack of IF production in the stomach
Bird egg production ↓