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Vital Signs > Vitals > Flashcards

Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 vital signs

A
  1. Temp
  2. Pulse
  3. Respiratory Rate
  4. Blood Pressure
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2
Q

What is considered the 5th vital sign

A

Pain

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3
Q

When should vitals be measured

A
  1. On admission to hospital
  2. Beginning of shift (for inpatient)
  3. Before / during / after surgery
  4. Before / after certain meds
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4
Q

How often should vitals be taken in the hospital

A

Every 4 - 6 hours

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5
Q

Core temp is how many degrees above skin temp

A

1 - 2

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6
Q

Define Thermoregulation

A

The balance of heat production and heat loss

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7
Q

What 3 ways is body heat produced?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Skeletal muscle movement
  3. No -shivering Thermogenesis
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8
Q

What is BMR (basal metabolic rate)

A

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest

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9
Q

What condition increases the BMR?

A

Hyperthyroidism

Excess thyroxine

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10
Q

What condition decreased the BMR?

A

Hypothyroidism

Low thyroxine

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11
Q

What are 4 modes of heat transfer

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Convection
  3. Conduction
  4. Evaporation
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12
Q

Describe radiation

A

Electromagnetic waves emit heat from skin

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13
Q

What percentage of body heat is lost by radiation

A

50%

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14
Q

Describe Convection and give an example

A
  • Transfer of heat through air/water

- Warm bath or blowing fan

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15
Q

Describe Conduction

A

Heat transfer from warm surface to cooler surface

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16
Q

Describe evaporation

A

Water converted to vapor

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17
Q

How much body heat is lost to evaporation

A

15 - 20%

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18
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

<120 /<80

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19
Q

Normal pulse

Average pulse

A

60 - 100bpm

80bpm

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20
Q

What is the normal temperature range?

Average temp?

A
  1. 8 - 100.4

98. 6

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21
Q

Axillary temp
Oral temp
Rectal temp

A

97 - 97.6

98 - 98.6

99 - 99.6

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22
Q

Most accurate type of measurement for Core Temp

A

PA Catheter

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23
Q

Normal Respiratory Rate

A

12 - 20 breaths/min

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24
Q

Tachypnea

A

> 20 breaths/minute

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25
Q

Bradypnea

A

<12 breaths/minute

26
Q

Most common cause of Bradypnea

A

Opioids

27
Q

Normal Oxygen Saturation

A

95 - 100%

28
Q

Hypotension

A

<90 / < 60

29
Q

What are the grades of a Pulse

A 
0 = absent or not palpable 
1+ = thready / weak
2+ =normal 
3+ = above normal 
4+ = bounding / strong
30
Q

Tachycardia

A

> 100bpm

31
Q

Bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

32
Q

What are 2 other words to describe a fever?

A
  1. Pyrexia

2. Febrile

33
Q

What oral temp is considered a fever?

Rectal temp?

A
  1. > 100

2. >101

34
Q

What is the term for “without a fever”

A

Afebrile

35
Q

What is the temp for Hyperpyrexia

A

> 105.8

36
Q

Between what temps will death occur

A

109 - 112F

37
Q

What are the three treatments for a fever?

A
  1. Antipyretics
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Antivirals
38
Q

What are the 3 phases of a fever?

A
  1. Febrile episode
  2. Course
  3. Defervescence / Crisis
39
Q

What are 4 types of Fever?

A
  1. Constant
  2. Intermittent
  3. Remittent
  4. Recurrent
40
Q

Describe Hyperthermia

A

When the body is above the “SET POINT”

106 or higher

41
Q

What temps are Heat Exhaustion

A

98.6 - 103

42
Q

What temp is Heat Stroke

A

> 103

43
Q

Hypothermia occurs below what temp?

Death?

A

<95

<70

44
Q

Red electrical thermometers are for?

Blue?

A

Red = rectal

Blue = oral

45
Q

What are 7 pulse sights?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Carotid
  3. Brachial
  4. Radial
  5. Femoral
  6. Popliteal
  7. Dorsalis Pedis
46
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70mL

47
Q

What is the pulse pressure?

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

48
Q

What is the pulse deficit?

A

Difference between radial and apical pulse

49
Q

Where is the Apical pulse found?

A
  • PMI

- 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

50
Q

What is Eupnea

A

Normal respiratory rate

51
Q

What is Bradypnea

A

<10 breaths/min

52
Q

What is Tachypnea

A

> 24 breaths/min

53
Q

What is apnea

A

The absence of breathing

54
Q

What are the 3 descriptions of breathing depth?

A

Shallow
Normal
Deep

55
Q

What are the 2 descriptions of breathing rhythm?

A

Regular

Irregular

56
Q

What are 3 descriptions of respiratory effort

A
  1. Effortless
  2. Dyspnea
    3 Orthopnea
57
Q

What is Dyspnea

A

Labored breathing

58
Q

What is orthopnea

A

Difficult breathing when laying supine

59
Q

What are 8 different types of skin color

A 
Pallor
Cyanosis
Jaundice
Flushing
Erythema 
Ecchymosis 
Petechiae 
Mottling
60
Q

In what sequence should the abdomen quadrants be assessed? And why?

A

Right Lower
Right Upper
Left Upper
Left Lower

Follows anatomy of the Bowel

Vital Signs (1 decks)

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