Vital signs (Presentation) Flashcards
The palpable bounding of blood flow to various points of the body which results from the alternate expansion and recall of the arterial walls occurring with each ventricular contraction.
Pulse
- Number of beats/pulsations per minute
- Indirect measurement of cardiac output
Pulse Rate
Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one full minute
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output formula
CO= SV (stroke volume) x HR (heart rate)
When an adult is resting, the heart pumps about __ liters of blood each minute.
5 liters
Factors affecting pulse rate
age
sex/gender
exercise
fever
medications
stress
position changes
dehydration
pathology
Areas where pulse is commonly assessed
temporal
carotid
apical
brachial
radial
femoral
popliteal
posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis
Increased PR = Tachycardia
Decreased PR =Bradycardia
the pattern of the beats and the intervals between the beats.
pulse rhythm
also called the pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of blood with each beat.
Pulse volume
- The elasticity of the arterial wall reflects its expansibility or its deformities.
- A healthy, normal artery feels straight, smooth, soft, and pliable.
- Older adults often have inelastic arteries that feel twisted (tortuous) and irregular on palpation.
Purposes of VS
To monitor and assess changes in the client’s health status
To identify whether the pulse rate is within normal range
To determine the pulse volume and pulse rhythm is
regular
It is the mechanism used by the body to exchange gases between the atmosphere and the blood and the blood and the cells.
Respiration
Types of respiration
- VENTILATION
- DIFFUSION
- PERFUSION
respiration
INHALATION
sternum moves outward
diaphragm contacts
respiration
EXHALATION
sternum moves inward
diaphragm relaxes
Normal breathing is automatic and effortless.
A normal adult inspiration lasts _____ seconds, and an expiration lasts _____seconds.
1 to 1.5 secs
2 to 3 seconds
Factors influencing respirations (EAASBMNH)
- EXERCISE
- ACUTE PAIN
- ANXIETY
- SMOKING
- BODY POSITION
- MEDICATIONS
- NEUROLOGICAL INJURY
- HEMOGLOBIN
Purposes of respirations
To monitor clients at risk for respiratory alterations
To acquire baseline data against which future measurements can be compared
To monitor abnormal respirations and respiratory patterns and identify changes
Breathing patterns rate
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Apnea
Normal pulse rate
80 (60/100)
Normal respiration
12-20 beats per minute
