Vital Signs powerpoint Flashcards by Tatiana ose

What is V/S?

Measures of a pt’s physiological statistics in order to asses body functions as they reflect changes that are not readily observed

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The balance between heat produced and lost is called?

Temperature

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The wave of blood traveling through the arteries as a result of each heartbeat is called?

Pulse

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The act of breathing is called?

Respirations/Ventilations

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The force exerted by the blood against a vessel wall is called

Blood Pressure

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What is the fifth and sixth V/S?

Pain is the fifth and Pulse Oximetry is the sixth

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When are V/S to be taken?

1: upon admission
2: schedule time according to policies
3: any changes in health status
4: pre & post op
5: pre/post administration of meds
6: pre/post nsg intervention that may affect V/S

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What are the normal ranges of temp?

96.8-98.6

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What are the three factors in thermoregulation?

1: The hypothalamus controls thermoregulation by setting the temp point
2: Skin regulation via heat transmitted from the blood through the walls of the vessels to the surface; skin receptors (mostly cold and mostly on the face) that send signals to the hypothalamus
3: Behavior control affected by thoughts, emotions, and mobility

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What part of the hypothalamus controls heat loss by vasodilation and diaphoresis?

The anterior hypothalamus controls heat loss by vasodilation and diaphoresis

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What part of the hypothalamus controls heat production/conserves via vasoconstriction, voluntary muscle contraction, shivering?

The posterior hypothalamus controls heat production/conservation via vasoconstriction, shivering

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What areas of the body would I measure for core temp?

Rectum (the most accurate), tympanic, and vascular access

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What area of the body would I measure for surface temp?

Skin, axilla, and oral (most convenient)

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What are the phases of a fever?

The levels of fever include onset/chill phase, course/plateau phase, and the abatement/flush phase

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What phase of fever constitutes heat conservation rising the set point?

Onset/chill phase is where heat conservation causes the rise in set point

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What phase of fever constitutes chills subsiding as the skin becomes warm and dry and where the set setpoint is set?

Course/plateau phase is where the chill subsides as the skin is warm and dry as the set point has been set

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What phase of fever constitutes the fever to break and when diaphoresis occurs?

Abatement/flush phase is when the fever breaks and diaphoresis occurs

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What are the patterns/types of fever?

The patterns of fever: constant/sustain, intermittent, remittent, and relapsing

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What kind of fever occurs as the temp alternates @ regular intervals between periods of normal and subnormal levels?

intermittent = malaria

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What kind of fever occurs as a wide range of fluctuations occurring over a 24 hr period showing an above normal temp?

remittent = cold/flu

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What kind of fever occurs when there are short periods of febrility in a span of a few days punctuated w/periods of 1-2 days afebrility?

relapsing = ticks or lice

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What kind of fever occurs when a body temp fluctuates minimally but always remain above normal?

constant = typhoid

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What type of elevated temp is seen with skin that’s hot and dry, no diaphoresis, and a temp >106 F?

Heat stroke

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What type of elevated temp is seen with profuse diaphoresis and a temp >101 F?

Heat exhaustion

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A core body temp that's below the normal limit is called?

hypothermia

A wave of blood created by contraction of the ____ ventricle of the heart is called?

Pulse = L

What do pulse waves represent?

Pulse waves represent the stroke volume output or the amount of blood that enters the arteries.

What are the pulse points?

temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, apical, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

How does age affect pulse?

as age increases, pulse decreases

How does sex affect pulse?

after puberty, males' pulse rates are lower to that of females

How does fever affect pulse?

fever increases pulse rate due to a lower BP as a result from peripheral vasodilatation and increased metabolic rate

How do meds affect pulse?

Digitalis decreases pulse rate (take apical 1 min) whereas epinephrine increases it

How does hypovolemia/dehydration affect pulse rate?

the loss of blood from vascular system increases the pulse

When there's a pulse deficit, what is the nsg responsibility?

assess apical-radial technique

A pulse increase over >100 is called?

tachycardia

A pulse decrease <60 is called?

bradycardia

The act of breathing is known as?

respiration/ventilation

How is respiration controlled by?

Respiration is controlled by the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata of the brain and by chemoreceptors (some located centrally in the medulla) of the carotid and aortic bodies

What is the normal RR?

12-20 sometimes 12-22

A breathing rate that's normal in rate and depth is called?

eupnea

Abnormally low respirations is called?

Bradypnea

Abnormally fast respirations >24 is called?

Tachypnea

Cessation of breathing is called?

Apnea

Over-expansion of the lungs characterized by rapid-deep breaths is called?

Hyperventilation

Under-expansion of the lungs characterized by shallow respirations is called?

Hypoventilation

A rhythmic waning of respirations from very deep to shallow breathing w/temporary apnea is called?

Cheyne-Stokes

Difficulty or labored breathing in which the pt has a persistent, unsatisfying need for air is called?

Dyspnea

The ability to breathe only in an upright position is called?

orthopnea

A seal like cough with accessory muscle use in the act of breathing is called?

stridor

A snoring or sonorous respiration usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway is called a?

stertor

A continuous, high pitched musical or whistling sound occurring upon expiration is called?

Wheezing

Who are at most risk for developing altered respiration? A: infant B: Children C: adults D: elderly

Infants, children, elderly

The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries is called?

arterial BP

What is normal BP?

Below 120/80

What is the BP range for prehypertension?

120-39/80-89

What is the BP range for stage 1 hypertension?

140-159/90-99

What is the BP range for stage 2 hypertension?

>160/>100

What is the protocol for a HTN dx?

BP is measured at two separate times-each displaying stage 1 or 2

Which BP can expresses peak pressure due to the closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) contractions of the ventricles

Systolic BP

Which BP expresses the minimum pressure due to the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) the ventricles at rest?

Diastolic BP

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressures is known as?

Pulse pressure

The five phases in the series of sounds when BP is being obtained and is caused by the turbulent flow of the blood in the artery is called?

Korothoff sounds

The temporary disappearance of sounds when the cuff pressure is high followed by a reappearance of sounds at a lower cuff pressure is called?

auscultatory gap

Cardiac output, Peripheral vascular resistance, Blood volume, and blood viscosity are all determinates to what?

How does cardiac output determine the BP?

if the heart is weak, less blood is pumped through the arteries causing decreased CO and decreased BP

How does PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) determines the BP?

if there's peripheral resistance (arteriosclerosis), the BP is increased ESPECIALLY DIASTOLIC BP.

How does the blood volume determine the BP?

When BV decreases due to a hemorrhage, BP also decreases because of the decreased fluids in the arteries; whereas if the BV increased (rapid intravenous fluids) then the BP increases

How does blood viscosity determine BP?

BP is increased if the viscosity is high/thick

How does age affect BP?

older adults have higher BPs

How does stress affect the BP?

Stress causes stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system to increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction of the arteries thus increasing BP

How does race affect BP?

African American 35+ yo have higher BPs than European Americans of the same age

How does sex affect BP?

After puberty females have lower BPs than boys until they hit menopause

How does the diurnal rhythm affect BP?

BP is lower in the morning and higher in the afternoon

How does temp affect BP?

Fever increases BP; external heat lowers BP due to vasodilation; external cold raises BP due to vasoconstriction

A BP that fals when a pt sits or stands is called?

orthostatic hypotension

An arm above heart level will display what type of BP reading?

low

What is the normal O2 SAT?

95%-100%

What factors may affect O2 readings?

Hemoglobin, circulation, activity, carbon monoxide, and light