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Med Surge 112 > Vital Signs powerpoint > Flashcards

Vital Signs powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

What is V/S?

A

Measures of a pt’s physiological statistics in order to asses body functions as they reflect changes that are not readily observed

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2
Q

The balance between heat produced and lost is called?

A

Temperature

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3
Q

The wave of blood traveling through the arteries as a result of each heartbeat is called?

A

Pulse

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4
Q

The act of breathing is called?

A

Respirations/Ventilations

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5
Q

The force exerted by the blood against a vessel wall is called

A

Blood Pressure

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6
Q

What is the fifth and sixth V/S?

A

Pain is the fifth and Pulse Oximetry is the sixth

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7
Q

When are V/S to be taken?

A

1: upon admission
2: schedule time according to policies
3: any changes in health status
4: pre & post op
5: pre/post administration of meds
6: pre/post nsg intervention that may affect V/S

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8
Q

What are the normal ranges of temp?

A

96.8-98.6

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9
Q

What are the three factors in thermoregulation?

A

1: The hypothalamus controls thermoregulation by setting the temp point
2: Skin regulation via heat transmitted from the blood through the walls of the vessels to the surface; skin receptors (mostly cold and mostly on the face) that send signals to the hypothalamus
3: Behavior control affected by thoughts, emotions, and mobility

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10
Q

What part of the hypothalamus controls heat loss by vasodilation and diaphoresis?

A

The anterior hypothalamus controls heat loss by vasodilation and diaphoresis

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11
Q

What part of the hypothalamus controls heat production/conserves via vasoconstriction, voluntary muscle contraction, shivering?

A

The posterior hypothalamus controls heat production/conservation via vasoconstriction, shivering

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12
Q

What areas of the body would I measure for core temp?

A

Rectum (the most accurate), tympanic, and vascular access

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13
Q

What area of the body would I measure for surface temp?

A

Skin, axilla, and oral (most convenient)

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14
Q

What are the phases of a fever?

A

The levels of fever include onset/chill phase, course/plateau phase, and the abatement/flush phase

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15
Q

What phase of fever constitutes heat conservation rising the set point?

A

Onset/chill phase is where heat conservation causes the rise in set point

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16
Q

What phase of fever constitutes chills subsiding as the skin becomes warm and dry and where the set setpoint is set?

A

Course/plateau phase is where the chill subsides as the skin is warm and dry as the set point has been set

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17
Q

What phase of fever constitutes the fever to break and when diaphoresis occurs?

A

Abatement/flush phase is when the fever breaks and diaphoresis occurs

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18
Q

What are the patterns/types of fever?

A

The patterns of fever: constant/sustain, intermittent, remittent, and relapsing

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19
Q

What kind of fever occurs as the temp alternates @ regular intervals between periods of normal and subnormal levels?

A

intermittent = malaria

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20
Q

What kind of fever occurs as a wide range of fluctuations occurring over a 24 hr period showing an above normal temp?

A

remittent = cold/flu

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21
Q

What kind of fever occurs when there are short periods of febrility in a span of a few days punctuated w/periods of 1-2 days afebrility?

A

relapsing = ticks or lice

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22
Q

What kind of fever occurs when a body temp fluctuates minimally but always remain above normal?

A

constant = typhoid

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23
Q

What type of elevated temp is seen with skin that’s hot and dry, no diaphoresis, and a temp >106 F?

A

Heat stroke

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24
Q

What type of elevated temp is seen with profuse diaphoresis and a temp >101 F?

A

Heat exhaustion

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25
Q

A core body temp that’s below the normal limit is called?

A

hypothermia

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26
Q

A wave of blood created by contraction of the ____ ventricle of the heart is called?

A

Pulse = L

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27
Q

What do pulse waves represent?

A

Pulse waves represent the stroke volume output or the amount of blood that enters the arteries.

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28
Q

What are the pulse points?

A

temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, apical, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

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29
Q

How does age affect pulse?

A

as age increases, pulse decreases

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30
Q

How does sex affect pulse?

A

after puberty, males’ pulse rates are lower to that of females

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31
Q

How does fever affect pulse?

A

fever increases pulse rate due to a lower BP as a result from peripheral vasodilatation and increased metabolic rate

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32
Q

How do meds affect pulse?

A

Digitalis decreases pulse rate (take apical 1 min) whereas epinephrine increases it

33
Q

How does hypovolemia/dehydration affect pulse rate?

A

the loss of blood from vascular system increases the pulse

34
Q

When there’s a pulse deficit, what is the nsg responsibility?

A

assess apical-radial technique

35
Q

A pulse increase over >100 is called?

A

tachycardia

36
Q

A pulse decrease <60 is called?

A

bradycardia

37
Q

The act of breathing is known as?

A

respiration/ventilation

38
Q

How is respiration controlled by?

A

Respiration is controlled by the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata of the brain and by chemoreceptors (some located centrally in the medulla) of the carotid and aortic bodies

39
Q

What is the normal RR?

A

12-20 sometimes 12-22

40
Q

A breathing rate that’s normal in rate and depth is called?

A

eupnea

41
Q

Abnormally low respirations is called?

A

Bradypnea

42
Q

Abnormally fast respirations >24 is called?

A

Tachypnea

43
Q

Cessation of breathing is called?

A

Apnea

44
Q

Over-expansion of the lungs characterized by rapid-deep breaths is called?

A

Hyperventilation

45
Q

Under-expansion of the lungs characterized by shallow respirations is called?

A

Hypoventilation

46
Q

A rhythmic waning of respirations from very deep to shallow breathing w/temporary apnea is called?

A

Cheyne-Stokes

47
Q

Difficulty or labored breathing in which the pt has a persistent, unsatisfying need for air is called?

A

Dyspnea

48
Q

The ability to breathe only in an upright position is called?

A

orthopnea

49
Q

A seal like cough with accessory muscle use in the act of breathing is called?

A

stridor

50
Q

A snoring or sonorous respiration usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway is called a?

A

stertor

51
Q

A continuous, high pitched musical or whistling sound occurring upon expiration is called?

A

Wheezing

52
Q

Who are at most risk for developing altered respiration?

A: infant
B: Children
C: adults
D: elderly

A

Infants, children, elderly

53
Q

The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries is called?

A

arterial BP

54
Q

What is normal BP?

A

Below 120/80

55
Q

What is the BP range for prehypertension?

A

120-39/80-89

56
Q

What is the BP range for stage 1 hypertension?

A

140-159/90-99

57
Q

What is the BP range for stage 2 hypertension?

A

> 160/>100

58
Q

What is the protocol for a HTN dx?

A

BP is measured at two separate times-each displaying stage 1 or 2

59
Q

Which BP can expresses peak pressure due to the closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) contractions of the ventricles

A

Systolic BP

60
Q

Which BP expresses the minimum pressure due to the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) the ventricles at rest?

A

Diastolic BP

61
Q

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressures is known as?

A

Pulse pressure

62
Q

The five phases in the series of sounds when BP is being obtained and is caused by the turbulent flow of the blood in the artery is called?

A

Korothoff sounds

63
Q

The temporary disappearance of sounds when the cuff pressure is high followed by a reappearance of sounds at a lower cuff pressure is called?

A

auscultatory gap

64
Q

Cardiac output, Peripheral vascular resistance, Blood volume, and blood viscosity are all determinates to what?

A

BP

65
Q

How does cardiac output determine the BP?

A

if the heart is weak, less blood is pumped through the arteries causing decreased CO and decreased BP

66
Q

How does PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) determines the BP?

A

if there’s peripheral resistance (arteriosclerosis), the BP is increased ESPECIALLY DIASTOLIC BP.

67
Q

How does the blood volume determine the BP?

A

When BV decreases due to a hemorrhage, BP also decreases because of the decreased fluids in the arteries; whereas if the BV increased (rapid intravenous fluids) then the BP increases

68
Q

How does blood viscosity determine BP?

A

BP is increased if the viscosity is high/thick

69
Q

How does age affect BP?

A

older adults have higher BPs

70
Q

How does stress affect the BP?

A

Stress causes stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system to increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction of the arteries thus increasing BP

71
Q

How does race affect BP?

A

African American 35+ yo have higher BPs than European Americans of the same age

72
Q

How does sex affect BP?

A

After puberty females have lower BPs than boys until they hit menopause

73
Q

How does the diurnal rhythm affect BP?

A

BP is lower in the morning and higher in the afternoon

74
Q

How does temp affect BP?

A

Fever increases BP; external heat lowers BP due to vasodilation; external cold raises BP due to vasoconstriction

75
Q

A BP that fals when a pt sits or stands is called?

A

orthostatic hypotension

76
Q

An arm above heart level will display what type of BP reading?

A

low

77
Q

What is the normal O2 SAT?

A

95%-100%

78
Q

What factors may affect O2 readings?

A

Hemoglobin, circulation, activity, carbon monoxide, and light

Med Surge 112 (3 decks)

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