Vital Signs (CBA 1)

Question 1

Vitals

Answer 1

temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation

Question 2

temperature locations

Answer 2

oral, tympanic, rectal, axillary, temporal, skin, core (from central line or urinary catheter)

Question 3

oral and tympanic temp range

Answer 3

96. 8-100.4°F or 36.2-38°C

- avg=98.6°F (37°C)

Question 4

rectal temp range

Answer 4

0.5°C-0.9°F higher than oral temp

Question 5

axillary temp range

Answer 5

0.5°C-0.9°F lower than the oral temp

Question 6

factors that affect temp

Answer 6

age, exercise, hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, environment

Question 7

temperature alterations

Answer 7

fever, hyperthermia, heatstroke, heat exhaustion, hypothermia

Question 8

fever intervention

Answer 8

antipyretics, ice packs, cooling blankets

Question 9

hypothermia intervention

Answer 9

remove wet clothing, wrap in blankets, drink hot liquids (avoiding caffeine), keep head covered

Question 10

fever

Answer 10

temp elevated over 100.4

Question 11

hyperthermia

Answer 11

body tries to cope with heat. MAY have: sweating, flushed skin, tachypnea, hypotension, concentrated urine

Question 12

heatstroke

Answer 12

late stage of hyperthermia

-dry and hot skin, tachycardia, hypotension, thirst, infusion, no sweating

Question 13

tachycardia

Answer 13

quick heart rate

-more than 100 bpm

Question 14

hypotension

Answer 14

low blood pressure

-90/60

Question 15

hypertension

Answer 15

high blood pressure
-140/60
severe at 180/60

Question 16

pulse sites

Answer 16

temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

Question 17

expected pulse rates

Answer 17

adult= 60-100 bpm
toddler= 90-140 bpm
infant= 120-160 bpm

Question 18

pulse characteristics

Answer 18

rate=bradycardia, tachycardia
rhythm=regular, irregular
equality=symmetrical
strength=bounding (4+)
=full or strong (3+)
=normal and expected (2+)
=diminished (1+)
=absent (0+)

Question 19

factors affecting pulse

Answer 19

age, exercise, drugs, hemorrhage, postural changes, BRAIN

Question 20

respiration

Answer 20

the mechanism the body uses to exchange gases between the atmosphere and the blood (ventilation, diffusion, perfusion)

Question 21

expected respirations per minute (rpm)

Answer 21

adult= 12-20 rpm
child= 20-30 rpm
newborn= 30-60 rpm

Question 22

dyspnea

Answer 22

difficult or labored breathing

Question 23

pulse oximeter

Answer 23

attaches to finger to measure amount of light absorbed by oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and unoxygenated hemoglobin (Hgb)

Question 24

Oxygen saturation

Answer 24

the amount of hemoglobin saturated by oxygen

-SaO2 usually 95-100%

Question 25

PaO2

Answer 25

partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

Question 26

Blood pressure

Answer 26

force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood

Question 27

factors affecting bp

Answer 27

age, stress, ethnicity, daily variation, medications, activity and weight, smoking

Question 28

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 28

the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole

Question 29

Where not to preform BP

Answer 29

IV fluids, shunts/fistulas, breast/axillary surgery, traumatized extremity, diseased extremity, cast/bandage

Question 30

shunt

Answer 30

a hole or a small passage which moves, or allows movement of, fluid from one part of the body to another

Question 31

fistula

Answer 31

an abnormal connection between two body parts