Vital Signs:

Question 1

Respirations:

Answer 1

Newborns: (0-24 hours) 30-60 /min
Infant (1m-6m): 30-50
Children 2-6: 21-25 /min (varies with age
Adults: 12-20

Question 2

Respiration Pattern:

Answer 2

Rate: the number of full inspirations and expirations in 1 minute
Depth: wall expansion, regular, deep or shallow
Rhythm: intervals. normal for adults for an occasional sigh (eupnea)

Question 3

Temperature

Answer 3

Oral: 96.8-100.4 (36-38) 
Adult AVG: Oral:98.6
Rectal: 99.6
Axillary: 97.7
Newborns: 95.9-99.5
Infants and Children: same as adults
Older Adults: 96.8

Question 4

Hypothermia:

Answer 4

temperature less than 35C (95)

Question 5

Pulse Rates

Answer 5

60-100 bpm adult and 65+
Newborns (0-24 hours) 120-160
Infants: 1m-1y = 100-120
Children: varies with age
Regular or Irregular: note

Question 6

Pulse Strength

Answer 6

weak, strong, bounding, or thready
0= absent, unable to palpate
1+ : diminshed, weaker than expected
2+: brisk, expected
3+: increased, strong
4+: full volume, bounding

Question 7

BMI:

Answer 7

lb/ ht(in)2 x 703
Underweight: <18.5
Healthy: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese: >30

Question 8

Febrile

Answer 8

fever

Question 9

afebrile

Answer 9

w/o fever

Question 10

Fever Patterns:

Answer 10

Sustained: remains above normal with little change
Relapsing: periods of febrile episodes interspersed with acceptable temp values
Intermittent: varies from normal to above normal to below normal (may have a fairly predictable pattern)
Remittent: fever spikes and falls w/o a return to normal temp values

Question 11

All Pulse Sites:

Answer 11

temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, dorsalis pedis, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial

Question 12

Eupnea:

Answer 12

normal, unlabored

Question 13

Orthopnea

Answer 13

changes in breathing when sitting or standing

Question 14

Dyspnea:

Answer 14

difficulty breathing

Question 15

Blood Pressure:

Answer 15

force exerted on the walls of the artery
systolic: peak. max pressure of blood from heart into the aorta
Diastolic: minimal pressure when the heart relaxes

Question 16

Blood Pressure Range:

Answer 16

120/80 mmHg
Hypertension: greater than 140/90
Optimal for 18 and older is less than 120/80
Hypotension: systolic below 90

Question 17

Bell of Stethoscope

Answer 17

Smaller, low pitched sounds

Question 18

Diagraghm

Answer 18

larger: high pitched sounds

Question 19

Korotkoff Sounds

Answer 19

sounds heard when taking BP
Korotkoff I: first sound
Second, softer sound, is Korotkoff IV
Cessation of the second sound: Korotkcoff V

Question 20

Assessment of BP in Both Arms

Answer 20

-heart disease
if difference of 5-10 mmHg record highest
if greater than 10, report

Question 21

Hypertensive pt with unequal pressure in the arms and legs

Answer 21

compare the bp in arms and legs
compare volume and timing of radial and femoral pulses
coartaction of the aorta and occlusive aortic disease

Question 22

Nociceptive or somatic pain

Answer 22

relating to tissue damage caused by invasion.destruction or pressure on superficial somatic structures (skin) deeper skeletal structures
Superficial and deep- usually localized and nonradiating
Vsiceral- more diffuse over the viscera involved

Question 23

Neuropathic Pain

Answer 23

related to direct injury to the PNS or CNS
Radiation of pain along dermatomal or peripheral nerve distributions
often described as burning and/or deep aching
may be accompanied by lighning like jabs or brief sharp pain

Question 24

psychogenic and idiopathic pain

Answer 24

psychogenic refers to many factors that influence patients report of pain.
Idiopathic is pain without identifiable etiology

Question 25

The Four As to monitor patient outcomes

Answer 25

Analgesia
Activities of Daily living
adverse effects
aberrant drug related behaviors