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Patient Care 1 Exam 2 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

The best way to prevent a medical emergency

A

A good medical history - Baseline knowledge of Pt

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2
Q

Vital signs are

A

temperature, pulse, respirations, and BP

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3
Q

The benefits of vital sign measurements are

A

Baseline normal values ensures a standard comparison in the event of a medical emergency.
Used as a screening tool for abnormalities, either diagnosed or undiagnosed

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4
Q

Classical signs of infection

A

calor (heat), dolor (pain), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling)

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5
Q

Viral Infection

A

parasitic and require a host cell. Ex: influenza, HSV, HIV, HPV

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6
Q

Bacterial infection

A

singled-cell microorganism. Ex: strep throat, E. coli, cellulitis, MRSA, and tuberculosis

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7
Q

Fungal infection

A

yeast and mold. Ex: ringworm, thrush, and histoplasmosis

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8
Q

Parasitic infection

A

Live on or in a host. Ex: malaria, lice, and tapeworm

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9
Q

Dry socket/alveolar osteitis

A

delayed healing, not associated with infection

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10
Q

Temperature

A 
we do take this, orally 98.6 = average. 
lowest in 6AM 
highest from 4-6pm
Normal for us = 97-99
Axillary = oral - 1
Rectal = oral + 1
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11
Q

Orally taken temp is

A

under the tongue, as far back as possible, > 20 minutes since they had anything to eat or drink, wait for beep

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12
Q

Digital thermometers

A

when used correctly they are accurate enough to meet daily needs and safer than the mercury thermometers

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13
Q

Different methods of taking temperatures can produce

A

different average readings. Important to take temp with whatever method u choose and if its inaccurate it is generally read lower than the true temperature.

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14
Q

Fever

A

Considered to be a temperature of 100.4F/38C degrees or higher. Skin may appear redder than usual. Cheeks become flushed

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15
Q

Low grade fever

A

Considered to be a temperature of 99.6F-100.3 F

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16
Q

Pulse

A

Radial, Brachial, Carotid. Normal is 60-100 beats per min (children higher and athletes lower)

17
Q

Radial Artery

A

Thumb side of the wrist, tips of index and middle fingers, take for 30secsX2.

18
Q

Carotid artery

A

Has some advantages - most ppl know where it is, and how to find it because of CPR training, it is reliable because it is large, central artery

19
Q

Pulse rate greater than 100bpm

A

Tachycardia

20
Q

Pulse rate less than 60 bpm

A

Bradycardia

21
Q

An abnormal pulse rate may be a sign

A

of a cardiovascular disorder, but also could be influenced by anemia, exercise, anxiety, drugs, or fever.
Can be misreading and anxiety - most common in the clinic

22
Q

Respirations

A

Count breaths
30 secX2
Normal = 12-14 per min. - children higher and athletes lower.

23
Q

Bradypnea=

Tachypnea =

A

Slow

Rapid breathing

24
Q

Hypertension

A

Increase is attributed to aging population.

Increase in obesity

25
Q

Systolic

A

Max pressure your heart exerts while beating.
Phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
How much blood pressure is pushing on your blood vessel walls.
Upper number

26
Q

Diastolic

A

Lower number.
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.
Pressure in your arteries between beats

27
Q

Systolic hypertension

A

Blood pressure is higher than 130 but your diastolic blood pressure is under 80.
Most common kind of high blood pressure in older people

28
Q

Pulse pressure

A

the difference btw the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The force that the heart generates each time it contracts. Considered a risk factor when it is greater than 60 mmHg. Mortality predictor esp with hemodialysis patients

29
Q

Antecubital Fossa

A

Middle of the arm

30
Q

Automated BP cuffs

A

Arm and wrist (not as accurate)

31
Q

Taking BP steps

A

remove jacket or sweater, roll up sleeve, arm on armrest at heart level and elbow out straight, line up artery with arrow when wrapping about 1 in above the antecubital fossa, snug but not squeeze, check to make sure you found the artery, inflate cuff 20-30mmHg above normal systolic pressure, place stethoscope over palpated brachial artery at the bend of the elbow, release valve allowing the needle to fall at a rate of 2-3 mmHg per second, as needle falls the point which beating sounds first become audible (Korotkoff sounds), pressure this point is recorded is the systolic pressure, when sound completely disappears this is the diatonic pressure

32
Q

Choosing which arm

A

Generally which ever is close to u, unless wound, scar, or bandage, and avoid if lymphoma from mastectomy-> had breast removed

33
Q

Common mistakes with BP

A

Rushing through the procedure (dropping the rate too fast), Cuff too larger (low reading) or too small (elevated reading), cuff too loose/too tight, arm not at heart level or not supported. Patients legs crossed-can increase systolic readings by 7% and diastolic by 2%

34
Q

BP Confirmation

A

wait >2 minutes before taking it again or confirm with other arm

35
Q

Hypertension

A

prevalence is simulate among men and women but varies with race and ethnicity

  • Non hispanic blacks - 42%
  • Non hispanic whites - 28%
  • Hispanics - 26%
  • non hispanic asians - 25%
36
Q

Pt factors with Hypertensinon

A 
Stress 
- increase BP by 6-12 
- Goes away after 5-10 mins
- "white coat" effect 
Distended bowel and bladder
37
Q

Hypertension & drugs

A 
Caffeine 
- if not a habitual drinker
Tabacco
- lasts for 30 minutes
Cocaine 
Amphetamines
Meth
Alcohol
38
Q

BP Categories

A

Normal - BP defined as less than or equal to 120/80mmHg
Elevated 121-129/80
Hypertension stage 1 - 130-139/80-89
Hypertension stage 2 - 140 or higher/90 or higher
Hypertensive crisis - higher than 180/higher than 120. Should consult with your doctor immediately

39
Q

BP starts out low at ____ and rises _____

A

night

a few hours before you wake up and continues throughout the day

Patient Care 1 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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