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Phys Di 1 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

4 classic vital signs

A

Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
BP

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2
Q

Vital statistics

A

Height

Weight

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3
Q

Temp is an effective ____ assessment

A

Infection

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4
Q

Pulse is an effective ___ assessment

A

CV

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5
Q

Respiration is an effective ____ assessment

A

Respiratory and metabolism

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6
Q

BP is an effective ____ assessment

A

CV

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7
Q

Expected body temp range and average

A

97.2-99.9

Avg = 98.6

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8
Q

When is temp lowest

A

Early morning

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9
Q

Temp varies by 1 degree or more throughout

A

Menses (peaks at ovulation)

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10
Q

Oral temp above ____ or rectal/ear temp above ___ is considered a fever

A

100.4

101

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11
Q

Recent ingestion of _____ can alter temp and is AKA ____

A

Hot or cold substances; factitious fever

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12
Q

MC cause of fever

A

Infection

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13
Q

Remittent fever

A

Daily elevated temp

Returns to baseline but NOT to normal

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14
Q

Intermittent (periodic) fever

A

Intermittently elevated temp

Returns to baseline and normal

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15
Q

Examples of intermittent fever

A 
Relapsing fever
Malaria
Rat bite fever
Hodgkin’s disease
Cyclic neutropenia
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16
Q

Factitious fever

A

Self-induced fever

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17
Q

Relapsing fever

A

Multiple febrile attacks lasting about 6 days

TB or malaria

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18
Q

Charcot’s intermittent fever is accompanied by

A

Chills, RUQ pain, jaundice

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19
Q

Hectic fever

A

Daily afternoon spike

Usually w/ facial flushing

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20
Q

Continued/sustained fever

A

Fever for a long duration without remissions

Gram - sepsis
CNS damage

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21
Q

Ephemeral fever

A

Febrile period lasting 1-2 days

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22
Q

Essential fever (FUO)

A

100.4 for 3 weeks or longer

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23
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Temp greater than 105

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24
Q

Hyperpyrexia usually caused by CNS disorder that are caused by

A

Heat stroke
CVA
Brain injury after cardiac arrest

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25
Q

_______ can lead to malignant hyperthermia

A

Infections of CNS

Encephalitis/meningitis

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26
Q

Hypothermia

A

Body temp below 98.6

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27
Q

Hypothermia can be caused by

A

Chronic renal failure

Antipyrectics and NSAIDS

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28
Q

Temp/pulse association

A

For every degree of inc temp, pulse inc 10 bpm

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29
Q

An increase in HR may not occur if fever is due to

A

Rxn to drugs
Typhoid fever
Legionellosis
Mysoplasmal pneumonia

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30
Q

____ pulses are most palpable

A

Arterial

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31
Q

Arteries are tough and have more ____ and ____

A

Distensibility; tensile strength

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32
Q

Arterial pulses are result of

A

Ventricular systole

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33
Q

SV x HR =

A

CO

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34
Q

CO is measure of

A

Heart’s ability to adapt to changing environment

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35
Q

Normal pulse is

A

60-100 bpm

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36
Q

Below 60 bpm =

A

Bradycardia

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37
Q

Above 100 bpm =

A

Tachycardia

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38
Q

Which accessible artery is closest to the heart

A

Carotid

39
Q

Pulses in extremities evaluate

A

Sufficiency of entire arterial circulation

40
Q

Proximal pulses are better for evaluating

A

Heart activity

41
Q

Descriptors of pulse that we must identify

A

Rate
Rhythm
Amplitude
Contour

42
Q

Pulse amplitude is described on a

A

Scale of 0-4

43
Q

3 components we must identify for respiratory cycle

A

Rate
Rhythm
Depth

44
Q

Normal adult respiration

A

12-20 breaths/min

45
Q

Who gets tachypnea

A

MC in elderly w/ COPD

46
Q

Bradypnea is MC seen in patients w/

A

Hypothyroidism
CNS lesions
Sedative/narcotic use

47
Q

Patients w/ emphysema have

A

Reduced lung elasticity Alveolar hyperinflation

48
Q

Emphysema patients utilize ____

A

Pursed-lip breathing

49
Q

Pursed-lip breathing increases intra-airway pressure by

A

Inducing auto PEEP

Positive end-expiratory pressure

50
Q

Hyperpnea is an inc in ____

A

Rate and tidal volume

51
Q

Classic form of hypernea ____ seen in patients w/ ____

A

Kussmaul breathing; metabolic acidosis

52
Q

Patients attempt to compensate for pH by

A

Hyperventilating

53
Q

Mneumomic for Kussmaul (MAKE UP a List)

A 
Methanol poisoning
Aspirin intoxication
Ketoacidosis
Ethylene glycol ingestion
Uremia
Paraldehyde administration
Lactic acidosis
54
Q

Hypopnea is characterized by

A

Shallow respirations

55
Q

Hypopnea is a hallmark of

A

Respiratory failure

Obesity-hypoventilation

56
Q

Obesity-hypoventilation AKA

A

Pickwickian syndrome

57
Q

Pickwickian syndrome

A

Obese patient w/ excessive daytime sleepiness and elevated blood CO2

58
Q

Apnea when patient is awake

A

Absence of respiration for at least 20 seconds

59
Q

Apnea when patient is asleep

A

Absence of respiration for at least 30 sec

60
Q

Orthopnea

A

Upright respiration

61
Q

Orthopnea is seen MC in patients w/

A

CHF

62
Q

Gold standard or measuring BP

A

Rigid wall catheter

63
Q

HTN affects as many as

A

1 in 5 NA adults

64
Q

Phase 1 Korotkoff sounds

A

First appearance of sound

Systolic BP

65
Q

Phase 2 Korotkoff

A

Phase 1 sounds soften, have swishing quality

66
Q

Phase 4 Korotkoff sound

A

Sounds become soft and blowing

Mid-diastolic pressure

67
Q

Phase 5 Korotkoff sound

A

All sounds disappear

Diastolic BP (end-diastolic)

68
Q

3 benefits of palpatory BP

A

Avoids overinflation
Avoids underinflation
Helps detect auscultatory gap

69
Q

Auscultatory gap occurs when

A

Sounds disappear btw systolic and diastolic pressures

70
Q

Systole occurs when

A

Ventricles contract

Tricuspid and mitral valves close

71
Q

Diastole occurs when

A

Ventricles relax

Tricuspid and mitral valves open

72
Q

Diastolic pressure is measure of

A

Peripheral vascular resistance

73
Q

Systolic pressure is a measure of

A

CO

74
Q

“Classic” BP

A

120/80

75
Q

Normal systolic range

A

100-140

76
Q

Normal diastolic range

A

60-90

77
Q

BP greater than _______ considered HTN

A

140 systolic

90 diastolic

78
Q

Should you diagnose HTN based on one measurement

A

NO

79
Q

When is BP lowest

A

Morning

80
Q

______ is most prevalent risk factor in heart failure, stroke and kidney failure

A

Systolic HTN

81
Q

Systolic HTN interacting w/ ____ amplifies risk of CV events

A

High cholesterol and diabetes

82
Q

Hypotension

A

Under 90/60

83
Q

Orthostatic systolic hypotension

A

Fall in systolic of 20 or more

84
Q

Orthostatic diastolic hypotension

A

Fall in diastolic of 10 or more

85
Q

Orthostatic diastolic hypertension

A

Rise in diastolic to 98 or higher

86
Q

Orthostatic narrowing of pulse pressure

A

Pulse pressure lower than 18

87
Q

Orthostatic postural tachycardia

A

Inc in HR of 28 bpm or to greater than 110 bpm

88
Q

Pulse pressure is difference between

A

Systolic and diastolic pressures

89
Q

Normal pulse pressure range

A

30-40

90
Q

Best BP marker for CV risk

A

Widened pulse pressure

91
Q

Difference btw arm pulses can indicate

A

Coarctation of aorta

92
Q

Bilateral pulses should be taken in both

A

Upper and lower extremities

93
Q

Allow variation of up to ____ in BP from R to L arm

A

10

Phys Di 1 (1 decks)

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