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Clinical Assessment I PT 741 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for vital signs and what do they provide

A
  1. Cardinal Signs
  2. Provide quantitative measures of the status of the cardiovascular and
    pulmonary systems
    -HR
    -BP
    -RR
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2
Q

When observing the patient, what signs should you look for

A
  1. signs of distress or discomfort
  2. Diaphoresis
    • Body working to compensate for reduced cardiac output
    • Associated with hypotension
  3. use of accessory breathing muscles
  4. Clubbing
    -swelling of fingers and toes
    -long standing hypoxia
    ——pulmonary disorders, congenital heart defects
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3
Q

collecting Baseline measures are especially important for which populations

A

Elderly
• Younger than 2 years old
• Debilitated patients
• Persons who have had limited aerobic activities for extended periods
• Persons with previous or current history of cardiovascular problems
• Persons recovering from recent trauma
• Especially if cardiovascular system is compromised

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4
Q

if abnormal vital signs are present, what should you do

A

determine cause prior to initiation of activity since activity may influence vital signs

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5
Q

how do we use vital signs in PT

A

Develop goals
• Assess response
• Treatment effectiveness

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6
Q

what 4 factors influence vital signs

A
  1. Physical activity
  2. External temperature
  3. Emotional status
  4. Psychological status
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7
Q

what are some adverse responses to activity

A
  1. nausea
  2. syncope
  3. vertigo
  4. diaphoresis
  5. change in appearance
  6. decrease in BP
  7. pupil constriction or dilation
  8. mental confusion
  9. fatigue
  10. lethargy
  11. exhaustion
  12. slow reactions
  13. decrease response
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8
Q

what are the typical temperature ranges for oral temps in adults

A

96.8-100.3

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9
Q

what is the center for thermoregulation

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

what are the main effectors for thermoregulation

A
  1. vasucular
  2. metabolic
  3. muscle responses
  4. sweating
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11
Q

what factors affect body temp

A
  1. time of day
  2. age
  3. emotions or stress
  4. exercise
  5. pregnancy
  6. external environment
  7. measurement site
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12
Q

what are the 7 sites to assess body temp

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Rectal cavity
  • Axilla
  • Ear canal
  • Forehead
  • Temporal lobe
  • Inguinal fold
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13
Q

is pulse a direct or indirect measure

A

indirect measure of the left ventricle contraction

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14
Q

normal pulse ranges for

  1. adults
  2. newborns
  3. children 1-7
A
  1. adults: 60-100 beats/min
  2. newborn: 100-130
  3. children age 1-7 80-120
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15
Q

what factors can affect pulse

A
  1. medications
    - can increase or decrease depending
  2. physical exercise
    - better conditioned will have lower
    - should revert to resting within 3-5 min after stopping exercise
  3. age
    - over 65 may have lower pulse
    - adolescents and younger may be higher
  4. gender
    - males usually lower
  5. environment
  6. infection
  7. emotional state
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16
Q

regarding pulse what is:

  1. strong and regular
  2. weak and regular
  3. irregular=arrhythmia
  4. thready
  5. tachycardia
  6. bradycardia
A
  1. strong and regular=even beats, good force
  2. weak and regular=even beats with poor force
  3. irregular=both strong and weak beats
  4. thready=weak force to each beat and irregular
  5. tachy=rapid HR >100
  6. brady=slow HR <60
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17
Q

7 pulse measurement sites

A
  1. carotid
  2. brachial
  3. radial
  4. femoral
  5. popliteal
  6. posterior tibial
  7. dorsalis pedis
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18
Q

abnormal pulse responses during exercise

A
  1. does not increase
  2. slowly increases
  3. declines as exercise plateaus
  4. does not decline as exercise declines
  5. declines before intensity declines
  6. pulse rhythms become irregular
19
Q

what does pulse oximetry measure

A
  1. level of blood oxygen saturation

95-100% normal

20
Q

what is BP

A

measure of

  1. cardiac output
  2. peripheral resistance
  3. hemodynamic factors
21
Q

normal BP for infants birth-3 mo

A

85-90 systolic

35-65 diastolic

22
Q

normal BP for infants 3mo-1 y

A

90-100 systolic

60-67 diastolic

23
Q

normal BP for children 1-4y

A

100-108 systolic

60 diastolic

24
Q

normal bp for children 4-12y

A

+2per year to 100 systolic

60-70 diastolic

25
Q

normal bp for adolescents

A

100-120 systolic

65-75 diastolic

26
Q

adult normal bp

A

<120 systolic

<80 diastolic

27
Q

prehypertension bp for adults

A

120-139 systolic

80-89 diastolic

28
Q

normal bp for elderly >65 years

A

120-140 systolic

80-90 diastolic

29
Q

stage 1 hypertension values

A

140-159 systolic

90-99 diastolic

30
Q

stage 2 hypertension values

A

160-179 systolic

100-190 diastolic

31
Q

stage 3 hypertension values

A

180-209 systolic

110-119 diastolic

32
Q

stage 4 hypertension values

A

> 210 systolic

>120 diastolic

33
Q

factors influences BP

A
  1. race
  2. kidney disease
  3. emotional status
  4. blood volume
  5. age
    obesity
  6. physical activity level
  7. nicotine, alcohol or saltintake
  8. diameter or elasticity of arteries
  9. diabetes
  10. valsalva
34
Q

what are patients with hypertension more susceptible to

A
  1. Coronary artery disease
  2. Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
  3. Peripheral vascular disease
  4. Congestive heart failure
35
Q

equation for mean arterial pressure

A

MAP=systolic+(diastolic x 2)/3

36
Q

what MAP is needed to perfuse bodys major organs

A

60 mmhg

37
Q

abnormal BP responses

A

Systolic
• increases rapidly during exercise
• does not increase during exercise
• Continues to increase or decreases at exercise plateaus
• Does not decline as exercise intensity declines
• Declines below resting level at end of exercise
• Declines during exercise before intensity declines
• Increase is excessive

Diastolic
• Increases more than 10‐15 mmHg during exercise

38
Q

normal respiration rate for adults

A

12-18 breaths/minute

39
Q

normal respiration rate for infants

A

30-50 breaths/min

40
Q

abnormal RR for adults

A

below 10 breaths/min

above 20 breaths/min

41
Q

what are you assessing during respiration

A

rate
rhythm
depth
character or sound

42
Q

abnormal breath sounds

A 
rales
crackles
wheezing
stridor(high pitched sound during inspiration
sigh
stertor=snoring
43
Q

factors affection respiration

A 
1. age
Very young (0‐3) and elderly (>65) tend to have higher RR
  1. Physical exercise
    • Rate and depth will increase during exercise
  2. Emotional status
    • Rate and depth will increase with stress, anxiety, fear, anger
  3. Air quality
    • Individual response, and depends on the impurities in the air
  4. Altitude
    • Rate will increase until acclimatized
  5. Disease
    • Usually increases RR
    • May also influence depth of respiration
44
Q

abnormal RR responses

A
  • Slowing increases during exercise or activity
  • Does not increase with exercise or activity
  • Increases as intensity of exercise plateaus
  • Slowly declines as intensity declines and terminates
  • Does not decline as intensity declines
  • Declines during exercise or activity before intensity declines
  • Increase in RR or amount of increase is excessive during the exercise period

Clinical Assessment I PT 741 (2 decks)

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