Vital Signs Flashcards
What is 2 things indicate hypertension?
Being on antihypertensive drugs, having a systolic BP >140 mm Hg.
What is considered normal BP for adults aged 18 years or older?
Systolic lower than 120 mm Hg
Diastolic lower than 80 mm Hg
What is considered prehypertension?
Systolic 120-139 mm Hg
Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg
What is considered stage 1 hypertension?
Systolic 140-159 mm Hg
Diastolic 90-99 mm Hg
What is considered stage 2 hypertension?
Systolic 160 mm Hg or >
Diastolic 100 mm Hg or >
What is primary hypertension?
Cased by environmental or genetic factors
What is secondary hypertension?
Multiple etiologies including renal, vascular, and endocrine causes
What percent of the hypertensive population does primary hypertension and secondary hypertension account for respectively?
Primary (essential) hypertension = 90-95% of cases
Secondary hypertension = 2-10% of cases
Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases and is a major risk factor for conditions like:
Stroke, MI, chronic kidney disease, vascular disease.
T/F
With all of the research available on hypertension, we’ve been able to identify the etiologies of most cases
False,
Most etiologies are still unknown despite research
Approximately how many adults are affected by hypertension (according to the AHA) in the US?
Approx. 75 million adults
What is generally considered hypertension?
Stage 1: 140/90
T/F
Most people that are hypertensive are aware of their condition, and those who are aware are being treated are generally seeing improvement
False
30% are unaware of their hypertensive state. 40% are not receiving treatment. 67% of those that are treated are not getting their BP brought down into the normal range.
coronary heart disease (the leading cause of death in
North America), stroke (the third leading cause), congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease all have a common, #1 risk factor..
Hypertension
T/F
Defining abnormally high blood pressure (BP) is extremely difficult and arbitrary
True
Is the relationship between systemic SBP and morbidity showing to be quantitative or qualitative?
Quantitative
What percentage of adults with hypertension have primary hypertension?
90-95%
The other 5-10% are cases of secondary hypertension
What is resistant hypertension?
Hypertension in which BP is >140/90 mm Hg despite the use of medications from 3 or more drug classes, 1 of which is a thiazide diuretic
Secondary forms of hypertension, such as primary hyperaldosteronism, account for what % of resistant hypertension
20%
What is considered severe (crisis) hypertension?
180/20 mm Hg
What is the difference between hypertensive urgencies and hypertensive emergencies?
Hypertensive emergencies are characterized by evidence of impending or progressive target organ dysfunction, whereas hypertensive urgencies are those situations without progressive target organ dysfunction.
Up till age 45 what gender is more prone to hypertension? What gender is more prone after age 45?
Men make up a greater percentage of hypertension cases before age 45. After age 45 the differences level out to nearly equal.
T/F
In women, those who use oral contraceptives, particularly obese and older women, have a 2- to 3-fold higher risk of hypertension than women not using these agents.
True
T/F
Globally, caucasian adults have among the highest rates of hypertension, with an increasing prevalence
False,
Black adults
