Vital Signs

Question 1

What is 2 things indicate hypertension?

Answer 1

Being on antihypertensive drugs, having a systolic BP >140 mm Hg.

Question 2

What is considered normal BP for adults aged 18 years or older?

Answer 2

Systolic lower than 120 mm Hg

Diastolic lower than 80 mm Hg

Question 3

What is considered prehypertension?

Answer 3

Systolic 120-139 mm Hg

Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg

Question 4

What is considered stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 4

Systolic 140-159 mm Hg

Diastolic 90-99 mm Hg

Question 5

What is considered stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 5

Systolic 160 mm Hg or >

Diastolic 100 mm Hg or >

Question 6

What is primary hypertension?

Answer 6

Cased by environmental or genetic factors

Question 7

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 7

Multiple etiologies including renal, vascular, and endocrine causes

Question 8

What percent of the hypertensive population does primary hypertension and secondary hypertension account for respectively?

Answer 8

Primary (essential) hypertension = 90-95% of cases

Secondary hypertension = 2-10% of cases

Question 9

Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases and is a major risk factor for conditions like:

Answer 9

Stroke, MI, chronic kidney disease, vascular disease.

Question 10

T/F

With all of the research available on hypertension, we’ve been able to identify the etiologies of most cases

Answer 10

False,

Most etiologies are still unknown despite research

Question 11

Approximately how many adults are affected by hypertension (according to the AHA) in the US?

Answer 11

Approx. 75 million adults

Question 12

What is generally considered hypertension?

Answer 12

Stage 1: 140/90

Question 13

T/F

Most people that are hypertensive are aware of their condition, and those who are aware are being treated are generally seeing improvement

Answer 13

False

30% are unaware of their hypertensive state. 40% are not receiving treatment. 67% of those that are treated are not getting their BP brought down into the normal range.

Question 14

coronary heart disease (the leading cause of death in
North America), stroke (the third leading cause), congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease all have a common, #1 risk factor..

Answer 14

Hypertension

Question 15

T/F

Defining abnormally high blood pressure (BP) is extremely difficult and arbitrary

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Is the relationship between systemic SBP and morbidity showing to be quantitative or qualitative?

Answer 16

Quantitative

Question 17

What percentage of adults with hypertension have primary hypertension?

Answer 17

90-95%

The other 5-10% are cases of secondary hypertension

Question 18

What is resistant hypertension?

Answer 18

Hypertension in which BP is >140/90 mm Hg despite the use of medications from 3 or more drug classes, 1 of which is a thiazide diuretic

Question 19

Secondary forms of hypertension, such as primary hyperaldosteronism, account for what % of resistant hypertension

Answer 19

20%

Question 20

What is considered severe (crisis) hypertension?

Answer 20

180/20 mm Hg

Question 21

What is the difference between hypertensive urgencies and hypertensive emergencies?

Answer 21

Hypertensive emergencies are characterized by evidence of impending or progressive target organ dysfunction, whereas hypertensive urgencies are those situations without progressive target organ dysfunction.

Question 22

Up till age 45 what gender is more prone to hypertension? What gender is more prone after age 45?

Answer 22

Men make up a greater percentage of hypertension cases before age 45. After age 45 the differences level out to nearly equal.

Question 23

T/F

In women, those who use oral contraceptives, particularly obese and older women, have a 2- to 3-fold higher risk of hypertension than women not using these agents.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T/F

Globally, caucasian adults have among the highest rates of hypertension, with an increasing prevalence

Answer 24

False,

Black adults