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Vital Signs > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

0
Q

Normal adult temp?

Oral/tympanic?
Rectal?
Axillary?

Body temp figured?

A

36C-38C (96.8-100.4 F)

Oral/ tump- 37C (98.6F)
Rectal - 37.5C (99.5F)
Auxiliary- 36.5C(97.7F)

Heat produced- heat lost= body temp

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1
Q

What controls body temp?

A

Hypothalamus

Has a “set point”

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2
Q

Pulse pressure

A

30-50mmHg

Systolic- diastolic = PP

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3
Q

Norm adult Resp?

A

12-20 breaths/min

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4
Q

What controls heat loss?

A

Anterior hypothalamus

Becomes hot beyond set point sweating, vasodilation, body redistributes blood to surface to prompt heat loss (flushed skin)

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5
Q

What controls heat production?

A

Posterior hypothalamus

Senses body temp is lower than set point activates heat conservative mechs. Vasoconstriction, muscle constriction and shivering.

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6
Q

BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate

Accounts for heat production by body at absolute rest.

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7
Q

Who has higher BMR men or women?

A

Men

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8
Q

Nonshivering thermogenesis

A

Mostly in neonates. It is vascular brown tissue present at birth that metabolizes for heat production.

Because neonates can’t shiver.

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9
Q

Heat loss radiation

A

Transfer of heat from one surface to another.
Ex vasodilation draws blood from internal structures to skin to increase radiant heat loss.
Ex if environment is warmer than skin body absorbs heat through radiation

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10
Q

Laying in the fetal position enhances or minimizes radiation heat loss?

A

Minimizes- smaller exposed surface area

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11
Q

Heat loss conduction

A

Transfer of heat from one object to another. Warm skin touching cooler object. Applying ice packs or bathing pts.

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12
Q

Convection heat loss

A

Transfer of heat away by air movement. Ex a fan.

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13
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Visible perspiration.

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14
Q

When is human body temp lowest?

A

Between 1- 4 am.

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15
Q

When is the human body at its maximum temperature?

A

1600 (4pm)

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16
Q

Normal changes is body temp throughout the day is called?

A

Circadian rhythm

(People who work at night and sleep in the day usually take 1-3 wks before rhythm changes) very stable rhythm.

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17
Q

Mild hypothermia

Moderate hypothermia

Severe

A

34-36C 93.2-96.8F

30-34C- 86.0-93.2F

<86F

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18
Q

Cellular hypoxia

A

Inadequate oxygen

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19
Q

Myocardial hypoxia produces?

A

Angina, chest pain

20
Q

Cerebral hypoxia produces

A

Confusion

21
Q

Body temp of 40C 104F is defined as?

A

Heatstroke

Prolonged exposure to high heat or sun.

High mortality rate

22
Q

Patients at risk for heat stroke

A

CVD
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes
Alcoholism

23
Q

Signs and symptoms of heatstroke

A 
Giddiness
Confusion
Delirium 
Excess thirst
Nausea
Muscle cramps
Visual disturbances
Incontinence
24
Q

Vital signs of heatstroke

A

BT as high as 45C 113F
Increase HR
Low BP
Dry hot skin

25
Q

Interventions for frostbite

A

Gradual warming, analgesia, protection of injured tissue

26
Q

Cardiac output is?

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart during 1 min.

27
Q

Acceptable HR ranges per age

Infant
Toddler
Preschooler
School-aged
Adolescent 
Adult
A 
Infant.            120-160
Toddler           90-140
Preschooler    80-110
School-aged  75-100
Adolescent     60-90
Adult               60-100
28
Q

Factors in increases pulses

A 
Exercise 
Temp
Emotions 
Drugs
Hemorrhage 
Postural changes
Pulmonary conditions
29
Q

Pulse deficit

A

Condition when radial pulse is less than apical rate or as seen on ECG

30
Q

How do you have a child correct a sinus dysrhythmia?

It’s a heartbeat that speeds up with inspiration and decreases with expiration

A

Tell them to hold their breathe for a bit and HR usually regulates.

31
Q

Rating HR strength

A 
4+ bounding
3+ full or strong
2+ normal expected 
1+ diminished 
0 absent
32
Q

How assess ventilation?

A

Determining RR, depth, rhythm

33
Q

How do you assess diffusion & perfusion?

A

Determining O2 sat

34
Q

Ventilation?

A

Movement of gases in and out of lungs

35
Q

Diffusion?

A

Movement of O2 & CO2 between alveoli and RBCs

36
Q

Perfusion

A

Distribution of RBC to and from pulmonary capillaries

37
Q

What is the most importantly factor in controlling ventilation?

A

The level of CO2 in arterial blood

38
Q

Hypoxemia level

A

Arterial blood O2 less than 60mmHg.

Low O2 in blood

39
Q

Newborn vitals
RR
BP
HR

A

30-60
60-90/20-60
120-160

40
Q

Toddler vitals
HR
RR
BP

A

80-140
24-40
80-112/50-80

41
Q

School aged vitals
HR
RR
BP

A

75-100
18-30
84-120/54-80

42
Q

Adolescent vitals
HR
RR
BP

A

60-90
12-16
94-139/62-88

43
Q

Adult vitals
HR
RR
BP

A

60-100
12-20
110-139/60-79

44
Q

Percussion tones lungs

A

Resonant

45
Q

Percussion tone bone and muscle

A

Flat

46
Q

Percussion tone viscera and liver borders.

A

Dull

47
Q

Stomach and gas bubbles in intestines

A

Tympanic

48
Q

Percussion tone air trapped in lung

A

Hyper resonant

Vital Signs (1 decks)

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