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Fundamentals > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

0
Q

Peak elevation of a persons temperature occurs in _______

A

Late afternoon, between 4 and 7pm

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1
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

24 hr rhythm

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2
Q

Hypothermia

A

Low body temperature

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3
Q

Hyperthermia

A

High body temperature

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4
Q

Afebrile

A

Without fever

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5
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

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6
Q

Fever signals

A

Infection and increases immune function

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7
Q

A mild elevation in temperature might indicate a serious infection in infants younger than ______ months who do not have well developed temperature control mechanisms.

A

3 months

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8
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

A high fever usually above 105.8

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9
Q

Neurogenic fever

A

Fever that is the result of damage to the hypothalamus from pathologies such as intracranial trauma,intracranial bleeding, or increased intracranial pressure

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10
Q

Normal Adult oral temp

A

98.6 f, 37.0 c

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11
Q

Normal rectal temp in adult

A

99.5 f, 37.5 c

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12
Q

Normal AXILLARY temp in adult

A

97.7 f, 36.5 c

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13
Q

Normal tympanic temp in healthy adult

A

99.5 f, 37.5 c

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14
Q

Normal forehead temp in adult

A

94.0 f, 34.4 c

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15
Q

Patients with fever may experience

A

Loss of appetite, headache, hot dry skin, flushed face,thirst muscle aches, and fatigue. Respirations and pulse rate increase. Young children may experience seizures, and older adults may have periods of confusion and delirium.

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16
Q

Antipyretic

A

Fever reducing

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17
Q

Aspirin and acetaminophen reset the elevated set point regulated by the

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Aspirin should not be given to children under _____ unless prescribed

A

2 years of age

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19
Q

Aspirin should not be given to children and teenagers with chicken pox or influenza because of a possible association with _______

A

Reye’s syndrome

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20
Q

Body temperature may be lowered through other interventions including

A

Cool sponge baths, cool packs, and hypothermia blankets

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21
Q

With a fever oral fluids are increased to

A

Maintain cellular and intravascular status and prevent dehydration.
Simple carbohydrates are included in the diet to prevent tissue breakdown from the hyper metabolic state

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22
Q

Death may occur when the temperature falls below

A

93.2 f, 34 c

23
Q

Tympanic membrane temperature should not be used for patients who have

A

Drainage from the ear or scars on the tympanic membrane

24
Q

If a patient has had either hot or cold food or fluids or has been smoking or chewing gum, the general recommendation is to wait _____ to ____ to allow the oral tissues to return to normal temperature.

A

15 to 30 min

25
Q

Oral temperatures should not be taken in people

A

With diseases of the oral cavity and in those who have had surgery of the nose or mouth. Should not be assessed in patients receiving oxygen by mask.

26
Q

Tachycardia

A

a rapid heart rate

27
Q

Tachycardia rate

A

100 to 180 beats per minute

28
Q

In tachycardia cardiac output is_______

A

decreased

29
Q

Bradycardia

A

pulse rate below 60 beats in an adult

30
Q

The pulse rate is normally slower ________________

A

during sleep, in men, and in people who are thin and with aging

31
Q

The nurse should immediately report bradycardia associated with

A

difficult breathing, changes in level of consciousness, decreased blood pressure, ECG changes, and angina(heart pain).

32
Q

Emergency treatment of bradycardia consists of administering

A

atropine intravenously to block vagal stimulation and to restore normal heart rate

33
Q

Dysrhthmia

A

irregular pattern of heartbeats

34
Q

Circulation to the legs and feet is assessed at the

A

femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, or dorsalis pedis sites.

35
Q

The carotid pulse site is used during emergency assessments such as for patients who

A

are in shock or have had a cardiac arrest

36
Q

The ______ pulse site is used most often for infants

A

brachial

37
Q

Eupnea

A

normal respirations

38
Q

Tachypnea

A

increased respiratory rate

39
Q

Tachypnea may occur in response to an increased _________ when a person has a fever

A

metabolic rate

cells require more oxygen at this time and produces more carbon dioxide that must be removed

40
Q

Acute pain ___________ respiratory rate but may decrease respiratory depth

A

increases

41
Q

Medications such as ______________,__________,________ slow respiratory rate and depth

A

narcotics,sedatives,and general anethetics

42
Q

Drugs such as __________,and_________, may increase rate and depth

A

amphetamines and cocaine

43
Q

Anemia, a decrease in oxygen carrying hemoglobin, may result in an _________ rate

A

increased

44
Q

Bradypnea

A

a decrease in respiratory rate

45
Q

An increase in intracranial pressure depresses the respiratory center, resulting in

A

irregular or shallow breathing,slow breathing or both

46
Q

Apnea

A

periods of no breathing

47
Q

If apnea last longer than ____to _____ minutes, brain damage and death might occur

A

4 to 6 min

48
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

49
Q

Dyspneic people can often breathe more easily in an upright position, a condition known as

A

orthopnea

50
Q

Blood pressure measurements should be taken after the patient rests for at least ___ min and has not consumed caffeine or smoked for ____ min before the measurement

A

5, 30

51
Q

Hypertension

A

140/90 or higher

52
Q

A brachial artery blood pressure assessment should not be taken on an arm with

A

an intravenous line or with an arteriovenous fistula or shunt.

53
Q

Blood pressure assessment should be avoided in the arm on the side of an

A

axillary node dissection or mastectomy because the pressure may increase the risk of lymphedema developing in the affected arm,.

54
Q

Adults pull pinna

A

up and back

55
Q

When a person’s temperature is elevated hyper-metabolism occurs and the __________________________ increase

A

respiratory rate, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate increase

56
Q

Body temperatures greater than ____________ indicate hyperthermia

A

41 C, (106 F)

Fundamentals (3 decks)

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