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Fundamentals Vital Signs > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Define Heat Production

A

BMR
muscle activity (shivering & exercise)

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2
Q

Normal body temperature

A

35.9-38C
96.7-100.5F

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3
Q

Heat Loss

A

Evaporation
conduction
convection
radiation

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4
Q

Most accurate measurements of body temperature are

A

intracranial
intrathoracic(esophagus/heart)
intra-abdominal(bladder)

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5
Q

What route of obtaining body temperature is most accurate compared to oral, axillary, tympanic, and temporal arteries?

A

Rectal temperature is considered a core body temperature most accurate in comparison.

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6
Q

Factors affecting body temperature

A

Circadian Rhythms
Age & Biological Sex
Physical Activity
State of Health
Environmental Temperature.

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7
Q

Fever (Pyrexia)

A

is an increased above normal body temperature. A patient with a fever is said to be febrile.

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8
Q

Benefits of fever

A

Unless extremely high >40C/104F
Benefits include destruction/susceptibility of disease-causing microorganisms, enhanced immune response

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9
Q

Fever is caused by

A

triggered by microorganisms, tissue injury (myocardia infraction), and surgery.

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10
Q

SIgns and symptoms of fever

A

loss of appetite (anorexia), headache, hot/dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, fatigue, increase pulse and respiration.

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11
Q

Treatment of fever

A

appropriate antibiotic, antipyretic, use of cool sponge baths, cool packs, cooling blankets, fluids, and simple carbohydrates.

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12
Q

Hyperthermia

A

caused by extreme heat exposure.

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13
Q

Neurogenic Fever

A

caused by increased intracranial pressure/intracranial bleeding
Does not respond to anti-pyretic

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14
Q

Fever of Unknown Orgin (FUO)

A

a type of fever (>38.3 C/101F) that lasts for 3 weeks or longer without an identified cause.

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15
Q

Pulse

A

a wave of blood being pumped into the arterial circulation by the contraction of the left ventricle. It is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

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16
Q

Normal pulse range

A

60-100 beats/min

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17
Q

Tachycardia

A

pulse rate above 100

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18
Q

Bradycardia

A

pulse rate below 60

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19
Q

Dysrhythm

A

an irregular rhythm

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20
Q

Factors affecting pulse rate

A

age & biological sex
physical activity
body temperature/stress
medication
disease

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21
Q

Reasons for lower temperature in older adults

A

decreased metabolic rate
reduced subcutaneous fat
diminished hypothalamic regulation
impaired thermoregulation

22
Q

What is a pulse defecit

A

occurs when there is a difference between the heartbeats (measured at the apical pulse) and the peripheral pulses( eg radial pulse). Not all heartbeats are strong enough to create a palpable pule wave at a peripheral artery, indicating that the heart is contracting but not all contractions are producing effective blood flow.

23
Q

How to assess Pulse Defecit

A

One nurse listens to the apical pulse while another simultaneously palpates the radial pulse.
Both counts are taken for one full minute
the difference between the two is the pulse defecit

24
Q

Significance of pulse defecit in nursing practice

A

indicator of arrhythmias
evaluation of cardiac function
guiding treatment
monitoring patient condition

25
Q

Respirations

A

the movement of gases in and out of the lungs. Also called ventilation or in layman’s terms, breathing.
It is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and voluntary control.

26
Q

Normal Respiration range

A

12-2o breaths/min.

27
Q

Tachypnea

A

above 24 respirations/min

28
Q

Bradypnea

A

below 10 respirations/min

29
Q

Cheyne-Stokes/Biot’s respiration

A

irregular respiration

30
Q

Eupnea

A

normal unlabored respirations

31
Q

Hyperventilation (Kissmaul’s breathing)

A

increased in rate and depth of respirations

32
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

33
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty breathingo

34
Q

orthopenia

A

difficulty breathing that occurs when supine position and is relieved upon changing to a high fowlers position.

35
Q

Factors affecting respiratory rate

A

age, exercise, acid-base balance, brain lesions, increased altitude, respiratory diseases, anemia, anxiety, medication, acute pain

36
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

measures the amount of oxygen in the blood. Normal range is 90-100%

37
Q

Blood Pressure

A

force of moving blood against the arterial wall. The numerator is the systolic, denominator is the diastolic.

38
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure. It reflects the force that the heart generates with each contraction.

39
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

the average pressure in a person’s arteries during one cardiac cycle. It gives an indication of overall perfusion to the organs.

40
Q

Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure

A

MAP=DBP +1/3 X (SBP-DBP)

41
Q

Normal Pulse Pressure

A

30-40 mmHg

42
Q

Widened Pulse PRessure

A

> 60 mmHg may indicate stiffening of the arteries or atherosclerosis, which is common in older adults and increases the risk of cardiovascular events like stroke and heart failure.

43
Q

Narrowed Pulse Pressure

A

< 25 mmHg can indicate heart failure, shock, or aortic stenosis. It often reflects poor stroke volume and may require immediate clinical intervention.

44
Q

Clinical significance of pulse pressure

A

high= early sign of hypertension or cardiac disease
low= sign of left ventricular dysfunction or a compensatory mechanism during shock.

45
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

normal 70-100 mmHg
<60 mmHg indicated inadequate organ perfusion
>100 mmHg suggests hypertention

46
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

<120/<80 mmHg

47
Q

Hypertension

A

> 130/>80

48
Q

Hypotension

A

<90/60

49
Q

Orthostatic hypotension is

A

decrease is systolic > or equal to 20mmHg or decrease in diastolic >or equal to 10 mmHg when one rises to an erect position. Common among elderly related to underlying disease process, dehydration, or use of medications.

50
Q

Factors that affect blood pressure

A

age, circadian rhythm, biological sex, food intake, exercise, weight, emotional state, body position, race drugs/medications

51
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

In hypertensive clients, there is a wide gap (silence) of as much as 40 mmHg between the 1st and 2nd Korotkoff sound.

Fundamentals Vital Signs (2 decks)

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