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IHC > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q
  • Objective measurement of one’s overall health status
  • Provides important information on the status of the patient
A

Vital Signs Taking

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2
Q

Vital signs consists of?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Pulse
  3. Respiration
  4. Blood pressure
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3
Q

Often called the 5th sign

A

Pain

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4
Q

Makes the pain worse

A

Aggravating/exacerbating factors

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5
Q

Eases the pain

A

Palliating/remitting factors

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6
Q

Where pain is located?

A

Setting/location

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7
Q

When did the pain start?

A

Onset

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8
Q

How painful on a scale of 0 to 10?

A

Intensity

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9
Q

How does the pain feel?

A

Characteristics

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10
Q

How long do you experience pain?

A

Duration

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11
Q

Determine the severity, 3 scales commonly used are?

A

Visual analog, numeric rating, face pain scale

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12
Q

Describe the pain, how it started, pursue the seven features which are?

A
  1. Location/setting
  2. Quality
  3. Quantity/severity (intensity)
  4. Timing (when did it start)
  5. Setting in which it occurs
  6. Remitting or exacerbating factors
  7. Associated manifestations
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13
Q

Noninvasive measurement of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood, detects the presence of deficient oxygen in the blood before visible signs develop

A

Pulse oximetry

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14
Q

Percentage of all hemoglobin binding sites occupied by oxygen

A

Oxygen saturation value

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15
Q

Factors in pulse oximetry?

A
  1. Amount of RBC and hemoglobin
  2. Circulation under the sensor is impaired
  3. Patient activity
  4. Acrylic nails and dark nail polish
  5. Moisture and oils on the skin
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16
Q

What are factors indicating the need for monitoring of oxygen saturation?

A
  1. Acute or chronic impaired respiratory functioning
  2. Recovery from any type of anesthesia
  3. Any trauma including surgery
  4. Ventilatory dependency
    Receiving of supplementary oxygen
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17
Q

Best location for a pulse oximeter is based on the ________ and ________, usually the ________ is selected for adults

A

Client’s age and physical condition; finger

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18
Q

How to assess client’s overall condition including risk factors for development of hypoxemia and hemoglobin level?

A
  1. Vital signs, skin color and temperature, nail bed color, and tissue perfusion of extremities as baseline data
  2. Assess for adhesive allergy
  3. Assemble the necessary equipment: nail polish remover as needed, alcohol wipe, sheet or towel, pulse oximeter
  4. Check if the pulse oximeter is functioning normally
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19
Q

When to assess vital signs?

A
  1. Upon admission and before discharge of the client
  2. At the start of every shift
  3. Before, during, and after an invasive procedure
  4. Before and after an intervention,
    therapy or treatment
  5. Before and after medication administration
  6. Whenever a client’s condition changes
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20
Q

Balance between the
body heat produced by the body and the
heat lost from the body

A

Body Temperature

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21
Q

Assessing body temperature can be done through?

A
  1. Oral temperature
  2. Ear temperature
  3. Rectal temperature
  4. Axillary temperature
  5. Temporal artery temperature
22
Q

Types of body temperature?

A
  1. Core temperature
  2. Surface temperature
23
Q
  • Temperature of the inner parts of the body
  • Taken through oral, rectal, or tympanic
  • More accurate than surface
A

Core temperature

24
Q

It gives the most accurate core temperature

A

Rectal

25
Q

Temperature of the superficial parts of the body

A

Surface temperature

26
Q

With fever (pyrexia)

A

Febrile

27
Q

Without fever (medicine is antipyretic drugs)

A

Afebrile

28
Q

Temperature control center

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q
  • Controls heat loss.
  • Nerve sensors send out signals that
    initiate sweating, peripheral vasodilation
    and inhibition of heat production
A

Anterior hypothalamus

30
Q
  • Controls heat production.
  • Nerve sensors send out signals that
    initiate shivering and vasoconstriction
    and release epinephrine
A

Posterior hypothalamus

31
Q

Factors that promote heat production

A
  1. Basal metabolic rate
  2. Muscle activity
  3. Thyroxine production
  4. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and stress response
  5. Fever
32
Q

Factors that promote heat loss

A
  1. Vaporization (evaporation)
  2. Radiation
  3. Conduction
  4. Convection
33
Q

Factors affecting body temperature

A
  1. Age
  2. Diurnal variations
  3. Environment
  4. Exercise
  5. Hormones
  6. Stress
34
Q

Which factor is affecting the body?

-Metabolic rate is higher in a younger
person and decreases in age.
-Infants and older adults are less able to
manage extreme environmental
temperature.
-Infants and children are not able to
shiver.
-Uses hats to hep in maintaining body
temperature.
-Older adults have less subcutaneous fats,
slower metabolism, slower motor.

A

Age

35
Q

Which factor is affecting the body?

-Cyclical repetition of various
physiological forces throughout 24 hours
-Body temperature may increase or
decrease as much as 1.8 degrees
fahrenheit
-Highest temperature: 4-6pm
-Lowest temperature: 4-6am

A

Diurnal variations

36
Q

Which factor is affecting the body?

-High environmental temperature and
high humidity
-Hypothermia, lack of clothing and
shelter and etc. (a cold environmental
temperature, greater heat loss)

A

Environment

37
Q

Which factor is affecting the body?

  • Thyroxine
  • Epinephrine
  • Catecholamine
A

Hormones

38
Q

Functions as nuerotransmitters

A

Catecholamine

39
Q

Types of thermometers

A
  1. Temporal Scanner
  2. Infrared sensors
  3. Tympanic Thermometer
  4. Electronic Thermometer
  5. Electronic Thermometer
  6. Skin strip Thermometer
40
Q

Oral route is the ________ and ________; reflects rapid change in core temperature

A

Most accessible and convenient

41
Q

Most accurate and reliable site for body temperature

A

Rectal

42
Q

This route can be used for newborns and uncooperative clients, but it is not as accurate

A

Axillary

43
Q

Approximately how long must be thermometer remain in place for axillary route?

A

Approximately 8 minutes

44
Q

This route can be used for infants, unconscious, and dyspneic clients

A

Tympanic route

45
Q

This route can be used for infants, unconscious, and dyspneic clients

A

Temporal artery

46
Q

Route that is easily accessible for forehead or abdomen

A

Skin

47
Q

Skin may only indicate ________

A

Surface temperature

48
Q

Body temperature
is < 36 degrees Celsius

A

Hypothermia

49
Q

Body temp < 28 degrees Celsius

A

Severe hypothermia

50
Q

If ________ degrees Celsius, cardiac and
respiratory functions could cease, cells
could still be viable, but death could be
possible.

A

25

51
Q

Temperature > 40.5
degrees Celsius

A

Hyperthermia

IHC (1 decks)

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