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Patient Care I > Vital signs > Flashcards

Vital signs Flashcards

1
Q

two fold benefit of taking vital signs at beginning of appointment

A
  1. establishes a normal for the patient
  2. screens for abnormalities (diagnosed or undiagnosed)
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2
Q

4 signs of infection

A

calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)

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3
Q

Viral infections are

A

parasitic and require host cell.
ex. influenza herpes simples HSV human papilloma HPV and HIV

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3
Q

Types of infections (4)

A

viral
bacterial
fungal
parasitic

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4
Q

bacterial infections are

A

single cell microorganisms

ex. strep throat e coli cellulitis MRSA tuberculosis

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5
Q

Fungal infections are

A

yeast and mold

ex. ringworm thrush histoplasmosis

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6
Q

parasitic infections are

A

live on or in the host

ex. malaria lice tapeworm

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7
Q

MRSA

A

generally start as swollen painful red bumps that might look like pimples or spider bites

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8
Q

dry socket is also called

A

alveolar osteitis

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9
Q

Vital signs include

A

temperature
pulse
respirations
blood pressure

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10
Q

temperature

A

oral 98.6 F

lowest in the morning
highest from 4-6pm

axillary = oral - 1
rectal = oral +1

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11
Q

temperature by most methods is accurate but what is important to remember when taking temperature

A

if it is done incorrectly the reading will be inaccurate and will generally read lower than the true temperature

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12
Q

What is a fever?

A

temperature of 100.4 F / 38 C or higher

rise in body temp and inflammation in various parts of the body

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13
Q

what is a low-grade fever?

A

99.6-100.3 F

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14
Q

What is pulse?

A

number of times your heart beats in one minute

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15
Q

females ages 12 and older tend to have _____ heart rate than do males

A

faster heart rate

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16
Q

areas you can check pulse (3)

A

Radial (wrist)
Brachial (below elbow)
Carotid (neck)

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17
Q

how to check / measure pulse

A

thumb side of inside the wrist

tips of index and middle fingers

take for 30 second then x2

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18
Q

normal pulse is

A

60-100 beats per minute

children = higher pulse
athletes = lower pulse

19
Q

Tachycardia

A

pulse rate greater than 100 bpm

20
Q

Bradycardia

A

pulse rate less than 50 bpm

21
Q

pulse can be influenced by

A

anemia
exercise
anxiety
drugs
fever

22
Q

how to check / take respirations

A

count breaths

30 seconds x 2

*note the depth and if breathing is labored rapid or ireegular

23
Q

normal respirations =

A

12-20 breaths per min

children = higher
athletes = lower

24
Q

bradypnea

A

slow

less than 12 breaths per minute

25
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid

more than 20 breaths per minute

26
Q

how many americans have heart disease and why?

A

half of americans

changes to guidelines measuring blood pressure in 2017 changed from 140/90 to 120/80

27
Q

hypertension

A

increase in attributed to aging population

increase in obesity

lack of physical activity

28
Q

what are the 2 numbers recorded when measuring blood pressure

A

systolic pressure - pressure when heart contracts ; higher number ; on top

diastolic pressure - pressure when heart is at rest / filling with blood ; lower number ; bottom number

29
Q

when what blood pressure measurement is high causes increased risk of stroke and heart disease?

A

higher systolic value

30
Q

Systolic Hypertension

A

if your systolic blood pressure is higher than 130 but your diastolic blood pressure is under 80

common for people > 65

31
Q

what is pulse pressure?

A

the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure

considered a risk factor when it is greater than 60 mmHg

normal or safe is less than 45 mmHg

32
Q

stiffness of the aorta (due to age) causes

A

increased pulse pressure

33
Q

Automated BP cluffs

A

Arm

wrist (not as accurate)

34
Q

When taking BP pt should

A

remove jacket or sweater
arm on armrest or at heart level
elbow straight out

35
Q

Patient should not when taking BP

A

talk

have drank caffeinated drink at least 1 hour

smoked for at least 15 min

have a full bladder

36
Q

which arm do you take BP on?

A

which ever one is closer to you

UNLESS!
wound scar or bandage
LYMPHEDEMA from mastectomy (do not use same arm)

37
Q

Hypertension who is more likely to have it?

A

men are more likely until age 45

post menopausal women have increase due to lack of estrogen

38
Q

what percentage of adults who had a cardiovascular incident had BP reading over 140/90

A

74%

39
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

40
Q

elevated blood pressure

A

120-129/80

41
Q

hypertension stage 1

A

130-139 / 80-89

42
Q

hypertension stage 2

A

140 + / 90 +

43
Q

Hypertension crisis

A

higher than 180 / higher than 120

CONSULT DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY

44
Q

when is blood pressure lowest?

A

at night

it rises during the day usually peaking in the middle of the afternoon ]

be mindful of a pt with high blood pressure in the morninggggg

Patient Care I (6 decks)

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