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CPH | Vital Signs > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the five vital signs + the added one

A
  • temperature
  • pain
  • blood pressure
  • respiratory rate
  • pulse rate
  • oxygen saturation
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2
Q

Other term for vital signs

A

Cardinal signs

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3
Q

The indicators of the body’s physiology status and response to physical activity, environmental conditions, and emotional stressors

A

Vital signs

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4
Q

Which of the following the a modifiable factor influencing VS?

(a) Age
(b) Hormonal Status
(c) Diet
(d) Family History

A

(c) Diet

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5
Q

What health complication is suggestive of digital clubbing?

(a) cachexia
(b) heart disease
(c) diaphoresis
(d) cyanosis

A

(b) heart disease

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6
Q

Body temperature is higher than the environment’s temperature (warm-blooded)

A

Homoiothermic

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7
Q

Body temperature changes with the environment (cold-blooded)

A

Poikilothermic

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8
Q

Responds to increase in temperature that results to vasodilation

(a) Posterior Hypothalamus
(b) Anterior Hypothalamus

A

(b) Anterior Hypothalamus

  • Posterior Hypothalamus responds to a DECREASE in temp. (vasoconstriction)
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9
Q

An increase in temperature that reaches to 41.1 deg C

A

Hyperthermia / Hyperpyrexia

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10
Q

Drop of temperature

A

Hypothermia

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11
Q

Other term for fever

A

Pyrexia

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12
Q

Substances that cause fever

(a) pyrogens
(b) defervescences
(c) pyrexygens
(d) prodromalocins

A

(a) pyrogens

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13
Q

Course of fever that is with nonspecific symptoms

(a) defervescence
(b) invasion/onset
(c) prodromal phase
(d) stationary

A

(c) prodromal phase

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14
Q

Course of fever with termination/ resolution and sweating

(a) defervescence
(b) invasion/onset
(c) prodromal phase
(d) stationary

A

(a) defervescence

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15
Q

Course of fever where chills, shivering, and paleness of skin is observed

(a) defervescence
(b) invation/onset
(c) prodromal phase
(d) stationary

A

(b) invasion/onset

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16
Q

Course of fever with fastigium/stadium (warm skin, appear flushed)

(a) defervescence
(b) invation/onset
(c) prodromal phase
(d) stationary

A

(d) stationary

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17
Q

Type of fever that is above (N) but fluctuates less than n 2◦C

A

Constant

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18
Q

Type of fever that is interspersed (N), AKA recurrent

(a) constant
(b) relapsing
(c) remittent
(d) intermittent

A

(b) relapsing

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19
Q

Type of fever that is alternating (N) and with periods of fever

A

Intermittent

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20
Q

Type of fever that is above (N) but fluctuates more than 2◦C within 24hr period

(a) constant
(b) relapsing
(c) remittent
(d) intermittent

A

(c) remittent

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21
Q

At what temperature of hypothermia leads to a point of no return as Pt’s temp. continuously drops from there

A

29.4 ◦C

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22
Q

What Sx is associated with hypothermia?

(a) decreased urinary output
(b) increased PR & RR
(c) nausea
(d) decreased cutaneous sensation

A

(d) decreased cutaneous sensation

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23
Q

Under Hyperthermia wherein there is a buildup of acid due to kidney failure

(a) metabolic acidosis
(b) stupor
(c) coma
(d) lactic acidosis

A

(a) metabolic acidosis

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24
Q

Under Hypothermia wherein lactic acid (produced when there is a decrease in O2) is built up in the bloodstream

A

Lactic acidosis

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25
Q

True or False

Menstrual cycle does not influence body temperature

A

False

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26
Q

If lying on ear, exposed to air for 2-3 mins, indicate which laterality

(a) Ear thermometer
(b) Glass thermometer
(c) Oral electric thermometer
(d) Rectal thermometer

A

(a) Ear thermometer

face the wall kung namali mo to kinginamerlz

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27
Q

Type of thermometer with 30-90 sec duration

A

Oral Electric thermometer

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28
Q

Type of thermometer with 1:1 ratio and has 3-5 min duration

A

Glass thermometer / Mercurial thermometer

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29
Q

Temperature measurement sight with 37.5 deg C

(a) Axillary
(b) Oral
(c) Rectal and Tympanic membrane

A

(c) Rectal and Tympanic membrane

Axillary = 36.5 deg C
Oral = 37 deg C

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30
Q

Formed by division of the trachea and subdivide into smaller and smaller branches

A

Primary Bronchi

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31
Q

True or False

Right bronchus is wider, shorter, and straighter than left

A

True

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32
Q

Smallest branches of the bronchi

(a) terminal bronchioles
(b) tertiary bronchi
(c) bronchioles
(d) alveoli

A

(c) bronchioles

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33
Q

True or False

Terminal bronchioles end in alveoli

A

True

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34
Q

Where gas exchange takes place

(a) Alveolar duct
(b) Alveolar sac
(c) Alveolus
(d) Alveoli

A

(d) Alveoli

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35
Q

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the
bloodstream

(a) Pulmonary ventilation
(b) External respiration
(c) Internal respiration
(d) Respiratory gas transport

A

(d) Respiratory gas transport

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36
Q

moving air in and out of the lungs

(a) Pulmonary ventilation
(b) External respiration
(c) Internal respiration
(d) Respiratory gas transport

A

(a) Pulmonary ventilation

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37
Q

gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in
systemic capillaries

(a) Pulmonary ventilation
(b) External respiration
(c) Internal respiration
(d) Respiratory gas transport

A

(c) Internal respiration

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38
Q

gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

(a) Pulmonary ventilation
(b) External respiration
(c) Internal respiration
(d) Respiratory gas transport

A

(b) External respiration

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39
Q

Yes or No

Process of breathing involves chemical and mechanical processes

A

No na no

  • completely mechanical as it depends on volume changes in the thoracic cavity and the changes in pressure
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40
Q

Phase of pulmonary ventilation wherein air leaves the lung

A

Expiration

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41
Q

Flow of air into the lung as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity

A

Inspiration

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42
Q

Passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity when muscles relax, air is pushed out of
the lungs

A

Exhalation

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43
Q

True or False

Normal pressure within the pleural space is always positive

A

False

  • always negative (intrapleural pressure)
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44
Q

True or False

Differences in lung and pleural space pressures doesn’t keep lungs from collapsing

A

False

  • it does!
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45
Q

Which of the following is a respiratory air movement example:

(a) Laugh
(b) Yawn
(c) Coughing
(d) Inhalation

A

(d) Inhalation

  • the rest are nonrespiratory and may be caused by reflexes or voluntary actions
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46
Q

Normal breathing moves about _____ ml of air with each breath (tidal volume [TV])

(a) 1200
(b) 3200
(c) 300
(d) 500

A

(d) 500

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47
Q

After exhalation, about ____ ml of air remains in the lungs

(a) 1200
(b) 3200
(c) 300
(d) 500

A

(a) 1200

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48
Q

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume (2100 - 3200 ml)

(a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
(b) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
(c) dead space volume
(d) residual volume

A

(b) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

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49
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled (approx. 1200 ml)

(a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
(b) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
(c) dead space volume
(d) residual volume

A

(a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

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50
Q

Air remaining in lung after expiration (approx. 1200 ml)

(a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
(b) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
(c) dead space volume
(d) residual volume

A

(d) residual volume

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51
Q

Air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli (150 ml)

(a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
(b) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
(c) dead space volume
(d) residual volume

A

(c) dead space volume

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52
Q

The total amount of exchangeable air

A

Vital capacity (TV + IRV + ERV)

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53
Q

Refers to the increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen need

(a) Eupnea
(b) Hyperpnea
(c) Phrenea
(d) Internea

A

(b) Hyperpnea

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54
Q

Refers to the (N) respiratory rate (16-20 respirations per minute)

(a) Eupnea
(b) Hyperpnea
(c) Phrenea
(d) Internea

A

(a) Eupnea

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55
Q

True or False

Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted to the brain by the phrenic and intercostal nerves

A

True

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56
Q

True or False

Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the medulla

A

True

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57
Q

Level of _____ in the blood is the main regulatory chemical for respiration

(a) O2
(b) N
(c) H2O
(d) CO2

A

(d) CO2

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58
Q

True or False

Chemical factors influencing RR are O2 and CO2 levels

A

True

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59
Q

Parameters of Respiration that refers to the
regularity of inspiration and expiration (regular/irregular AKA jom, KIMMY!)

(a) sound
(b) rhythm
(c) rate
(d) depth

A

(b) rhythm

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60
Q

Parameters of Respiration that refers to the amount of air exchange with each breath (shallow/deep)

(a) sound
(b) rhythm
(c) rate
(d) depth

A

(d) depth

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61
Q

Parameters of Respiration that refers to the number of breaths per minute (bradypnea/tachypnea)

(a) sound
(b) rhythm
(c) rate
(d) depth

62
Q

Refers to the normal sound

A

Sound vesicular

63
Q

Refers to the abnormal sound

A

Adventitious sound

64
Q

Bubbling sounds owing to secretions

(a) wheezing
(b) stridor
(c) crackles
(d) sigh
(e) stertor

A

(c) crackles

65
Q

Harsh high pitch crowing sound occurs with upper airway obstruction (glottis/trachea)

(a) wheezing
(b) stridor
(c) crackles
(d) sigh
(e) stertor

A

(b) stridor

66
Q

Snoring sound secondary to partial obstruction to upper airway

(a) wheezing
(b) stridor
(c) crackles
(d) sigh
(e) stertor

A

(e) stertor

67
Q

Deep inspiration followed by a prolonged expiration

(a) wheezing
(b) stridor
(c) crackles
(d) sigh
(e) stertor

68
Q

Air passing through a narrowed airway (bronchi)

(a) wheezing
(b) stridor
(c) crackles
(d) sigh
(e) stertor

A

(a) wheezing

69
Q

______ Have 30 respirations per minute

70
Q

Adults have __ - __ respirations per minute

71
Q

__________ have 40-80 respirations per minute

72
Q

Four- chambered double pump connected in series that is located in the middle mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

A

Heart

  • wall is made up of epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
73
Q

(Left or Right)

Heart relating to pulmonary circulation

A

Right Heart

74
Q

(Left or Right)

Heart relating to systemic circulation

A

Left Heart

75
Q

Relatively thin-walled structures which have a fair amount of elasticity and distensibility

76
Q

(Left or Right)

Atrium receives blood from SVC, IVC, coronary sinus,
anterior cardiac vein, and venae cordis minimae.

A

Left Atrium

77
Q

(Left or Right)

Atrium forms the base of the heart and receives the four pulmonary veins.

A

Right Atrium

78
Q

Relatively thicker than the atrial wall.

A

Ventricles

79
Q

(Left or Right)

Ventricle that measures about 0.3 – 0.5 cm and ejects blood against 4 – 25 mmHg pressure of the
pulmonary circulation

A

Right Ventricle

80
Q

(Left or Right)

Ventricle that measures about 0.3 – 0.5 cm and ejects blood against 4 – 25 mmHg pressure of the
pulmonary circulation

A

Right Ventricle

81
Q

(Left or Right)

Ventricle that measures about 0.3 – 0.5 cm and ejects blood against 4 – 25 mmHg pressure of the
pulmonary circulation

A

Right Ventricle

82
Q

(Left or Right)

Ventricle that measures about 1.2 – 1.5 cm and ejects blood against 70 – 130 mmHg pressure of the systemic circulation

A

Left Ventricle

83
Q

(Left or Right)

Ventricle that measures about 0.3 – 0.5 cm and ejects blood against 4 – 25 mmHg pressure of the
pulmonary circulation

A

Right Ventricle

84
Q

Cardiac valve found between the atria and the
ventricles

(a) semilunar valve
(b) right atrioventricular (AV) valve
(c) left atrioventricular (AV) valve
(d) atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

(d) atrioventricular (AV) valve

85
Q

Tricuspid valve/mitral

(a) semilunar valve
(b) right atrioventricular (AV) valve
(c) left atrioventricular (AV) valve
(d) atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

(b) right atrioventricular (AV) valve

86
Q

Found at the root of the pulmonary artery and the root of the aorta.

(a) semilunar valve
(b) right atrioventricular (AV) valve
(c) left atrioventricular (AV) valve
(d) atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

(a) semilunar valve

87
Q

Bicuspid valve

(a) semilunar valve
(b) right atrioventricular (AV) valve
(c) left atrioventricular (AV) valve
(d) atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

(c) left atrioventricular (AV) valve

88
Q

Refers to the contraction of the atria/ventricles

89
Q

Refers to the relaxation of the atria/ventricles

90
Q

Blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts,
pushing out blood

A

Ventricular systole

91
Q

Events of one complete heart beat

A

Cardiac cycle

92
Q

Atria finish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low

A

Early diastole

92
Q

Atria finish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low

A

Early diastole

92
Q

Blood flows into ventricles

A

Mid-to-late diastole

92
Q

Law that states that the more that the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

A

Starling’s law of the heart

92
Q

Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

A

Cardiac Output (CO)

= (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])

92
Q

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction which remains relatively constant

A

Stroke Volume

93
Q

(Decreased or Increased HR)

with:
-Parasympathetic nervous system
-High blood pressure or blood volume
-Decreased venous return

A

Decreased HR

94
Q

(Decreased or Increased HR)

with:
-Sympathetic nervous system
∙crisis
∙low blood pressure

-Hormones
∙epinephrine
∙thyroxine

-Exercise
-Decreased blood volume

A

Increased HR

95
Q

Wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of the L ventricle during cardiac cycle

96
Q

Which is not one of the parameters of pulse?

(a) rhythm
(b) depth
(c) rate
(d) volume

97
Q

What is the (N) PR?

A

60-100 bpm

98
Q

Parameter of pulse that is the number of pulsation per minute (Bradycardia/Tachycardia)

99
Q

Parameter of pulse that refers to the amount of
force created by the ejected blood against the arterial wall during each ventricular contraction and can be examine of how pulse can be obliterated (grading)

A

Volume (quality or amplitude)

100
Q

Parameter of pulse that refers to the pattern of pulsation and the intervals between them (regular/irregular)

101
Q

Which is not a cause of large, bounding pulses

(a) atherosclerosis
(b) inc SV, dec PR, fever, anemia, Hyperthyroidism, Aortic regurgitation
(c) Inc SV due to slow HR
(d) decreased stroke volume, Hypovolemia, severe aortic stenosis, increased peripheral resistance, exposure to cold

A

(d) decreased stroke volume, Hypovolemia, severe aortic stenosis, increased peripheral resistance, exposure to cold

  • cause of small, weak pulses
102
Q

Causes pure aortic regurgitation , hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy

A

Bisferiens Pulse

103
Q

Centrally located pulse site

A

Apical pulse

104
Q

Deficit in the number of radial pulse when compared to apical pulse and provides imp info about cardiovascular system’s to perfuse the body

A

Pulse deficit

105
Q

PR of newborns

A

120-160 bpm

106
Q

(N) PR of 12 yr olds - adult

A

60-100 bpm

107
Q

PR of an adult athlete

108
Q

Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries and the pressure measured at a person’s upper arm

A

Blood Pressure (BP)

109
Q

(True or False)

Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases

110
Q

(Systolic or Diastolic)

Pressure when ventricles relax

111
Q

(Systolic or Diastolic)

Pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction

112
Q

(True or False)

Pressure is lowest when the heart ventricle contracts (systole) and lowest when the ventricle relaxes (diastole)

A

False

Pressure is GREATEST when the heart ventricle contracts (systole) and lowest when the ventricle relaxes (diastole)

113
Q

BP of young healthy adult

A

around 120/80 mm Hg

120 = systolic pressure
80 = diastolic

114
Q

(True or False)

BP is measured in millimeters of mercury

A

True (mm Hg)

115
Q

Under BP regulation:

  • Baroreceptors (stretch in ICA, aorta)
  • Chemoreceptors (dec O2, inc CO2 and H-) (carotid
    and aortic bodies)

(a) response
(b) receptors
(c) center
(d) stimulus

A

(b) receptors

116
Q

Under BP regulation:

Vasomotor center (Lower pons, upper medulla)

(a) response
(b) receptors
(c) center
(d) stimulus

A

(c) center

117
Q

Under BP regulation:

stretch on the arteries, chemicals

(a) response
(b) receptors
(c) center
(d) stimulus

A

(d) stimulus

118
Q

Under BP regulation:

inc or dec BP

(a) response
(b) receptors
(c) center
(d) stimulus

A

(a) response

119
Q

Abnormally low blood pressure with Systolic BP less than 90 mmHg and diastolic less than 60 mmHg

Sx:
* Dehydration
* Sepsis
* Hemorrhage
* Toxins
* Hormonal abnormalities
* Eating disorders

A

Hypotension

120
Q

(Primary or Secondary Hypertension)

  • Renal retention of excess sodium (Na+)
  • Increased peripheral vascular resistance
  • Alteration in the renin-angiotensin system
A

Primary Hypertension

121
Q

It is the greatest pressure that cardiac systole causes in the brachial artery. It is approximately equal to the pressure that the blood exerts against the wall of the artery from the inside

A

Systolic Blood Pressure

(N) for adult = <120 mm Hg

122
Q

A condition in which systolic pressure is above 140 mm Hg

A

Hypertension

123
Q

The sever drop in systolic pressure

124
Q

Series of sound heard through the stethoscope when
measuring BP

A

Korotkoff’s sound

  • having five phases
    Phase I = Systolic BP (SBP)
    Phase V = DBP
125
Q

(Normal or Abnormal)

Diastolic pressure increases more than 10 to
15mmHG during exercise

126
Q

Is a complex unpleasant phenomenon composed of
sensory experiences that include time, space,
intensity, emotion, cognition, and motivation

127
Q

Evaluative system overlies the individuals learned behaviour concerning the experience of pain. It may block, modulate, or enhance the perception of pain

(a) Sensory
(b) Motivational
(c) Cognitive

A

(c) Cognitive

128
Q

Discriminative system processes information about the strength, intensity, quality and temporal and spatial aspects of pain

(a) Sensory
(b) Motivational
(c) Cognitive

A

(a) Sensory

129
Q

Affective system determines the individual’s approach-avoidance behaviours

(a) Sensory
(b) Motivational
(c) Cognitive

A

(b) Motivational

130
Q

Duration of time or the intensity of pain that an individual will endure before initiation overt pain responses.

A

Pain tolerance

131
Q

Chemicals released at the site of the injury

A

Algogenic substances

132
Q

Pain that is perceived as if it were coming from somewhere else in the body

A

Referred pain

133
Q

Afferent neurons that carry pain messages

A

Nociceptors

134
Q

Pain with cause (usually known) localized in the body tissue
-nociceptive pain
-neuropathic pain

A

Somatogenic pain

135
Q

Pain for which there is no known physical cause but processing of sensitive information in CNS is disturbed

A

Psychogenic pain

136
Q

Is a protective mechanism that alerts the individual to a condition or experience that is immediately harmful to the body

A

Acute pain

is:
- less than 6 weeks
- incidence common
- well defined
- reasonably easy to assess
- known cause/treatable
- focused on the pain
- pain is a “symptom”

137
Q

Often unable to define cause and is the exact opposite of acute pain as it sees pain as a “disease”

A

Chronic pain

138
Q

Assessment of pain that uses pictures

A

Visual Analogue Scale

139
Q

Assessment of pain divided into three parts

A

McGill pain questionnaire

140
Q

Structure affected with throbbing and diffuse type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

A

(f) blood vessel

141
Q

Structure affected with deep, nagging, dull, and boring type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

142
Q

Structure affected with burning, pressure-like, and stinging aching type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

A

(e) sympathetic nerve

143
Q

Structure affected with cramping, dull, and aching type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

A

(a) muscle

144
Q

Structure affected with dull and aching type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

A

(c) ligament, joint capsule

145
Q

Structure affected with sharp and shooting type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

A

(g) nerve root

146
Q

Structure affected with sharp, bright, and lightning-like type of pain:

(a) muscle
(b) nerve
(c) ligament, joint capsule
(d) bone
(e) sympathetic nerve
(f) blood vessel
(g) nerve root

CPH | Vital Signs (1 decks)

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