Vital Signs

Question 1

6 Vital Signs

Answer 1

Temperature, Pulse, Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation, Pain

Question 2

When to measure vital signs?

Answer 2

On admission, per physician order, any change in patient condition, before/ after procedures, during blood transfusion, after meds or interventions

Question 3

Normal Temp Ranges

Answer 3

96.8-100.4

Question 4

Oral/ tympanic/temporal

Answer 4

97.6-99.6

Question 5

Rectal Temp

Answer 5

98.6-100.4

Question 6

Axilla Temp

Answer 6

96.6-98.6

Question 7

Normal Pulse

Answer 7

60-100 beats per minute

Question 8

Normal Respirations

Answer 8

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 9

Normal Blood Pressure

Answer 9

Less than 120/80

Question 10

Blood pressure- Pre- Hypertensive

Answer 10

120-139
80-89

Question 11

Blood pressure- Hypertensive

Answer 11

> 140
90

Question 12

Blood pressure- Hypotensive

Answer 12

Systolic <90 and symptomatic

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Thermostat of the body

Question 14

Anterior Hypothalamus (front)

Answer 14

Controls heat loss, sweating

Question 15

Posterior Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Controls best production, vasoconstriction (creates shivering)

Question 16

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 16

Metabolism creates heat

Question 17

Heat Loss- Radiation

Answer 17

Transfer of heat from surface of one object to surface of another without direct contact

Question 18

Heat Loss- Conduction

Answer 18

Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact

Question 19

Heat loss- Convection

Answer 19

Transfer of heat away by air movement

Question 20

Heat loss- Evaporation

Answer 20

Transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to gas

Question 21

Heat loss- Diaphoresis

Answer 21

Visible perspiration

Question 22

Factors affect Body Temp

Answer 22

Age, exercise, hormonal levels, circadian rhythm, environment, temperature alterations

Question 23

Fever (pyrexia)

Answer 23

Usually not Hangul if below 102.2°
Defense mechanism

Question 24

Febrile

Answer 24

Fever present

Question 25

Afebrile

Answer 25

No fever

Question 26

FUO

Answer 26

Fever of unknown origin

Question 27

Hyperthermia

Answer 27

Inability to promote heat loss High temp

Question 28

Heatstroke

Answer 28

104° or more S/S- dry, hot skin, confusion, excess thirst, muscle cramps, Increased HR, decrease BP NO SWEATING

Question 29

Heat Exhaustion

Answer 29

Diaphoresis (sweat) results in excess water and electrolyte loss

Question 30

Hypothermia

Answer 30

<86-96.8 Below 86 is not livable Cold decreases body’s ability to produce heat Accidental/ Intentional

Question 31

Fahrenheit to Celsius 

Answer 31

C= (F-32)x5/9

Question 32

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 32

F= (9/5 x C) +32

Question 33

Rectal Temp

Answer 33

Closest to core temp Adult- insert 1.5 inches Child- 1 inch Infant- half inch

Question 34

Axillary Temp

Answer 34

Under arm Considered safest Left for 5-10 minutes

Question 35

Tympanic

Answer 35

In ear Rapid Unaffected by PO intake

Question 36

Temporal

Answer 36

Most accurate compared to core temp Fast read 2-3 minutes

Question 37

Diaphragm

Answer 37

High pitch sounds

Question 38

Bell

Answer 38

Low pitch sounds

Question 39

Pulse- wrist- radial

Answer 39

Most common Assesses circulation status to hand

Question 40

Pulse- Apical- mid clavicular- 5th intercostal space

Answer 40

If pulse is abnormal listen full minute If taking meds that affect HR

Question 41

Pulse- Neck- Carotid

Answer 41

Need pulse quick If patient condition suddenly worsens

Question 42

Pulse- Dorsalis Pedis

Answer 42

Top of foot Asses circulation

Question 43

Pulse

Answer 43

60-100 Rhythm- normal irregular, dysthymia Strength- 4+, 3+, 2+, normal, 1+, 0 Equality

Question 44

Gas exchange

Answer 44

The process of transporting oxygen into cells. Transport of carbon dioxide out of cells

Question 45

Ventilation

Answer 45

Process of moving air in and out of lungs - inspiration and expiration

Question 46

Ischemia

Answer 46

Insufficient oxygen supply. Lead to cell injury or death

Question 47

Hypoxia

Answer 47

Cells do not have enough oxygen. Cell death

Question 48

Hypoxemia

Answer 48

Arterial blood does not have enough oxygen

Question 49

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 49

Not moving carbons dioxide out of cells with leads to increase carbon dioxide

Question 50

Alveoli

Answer 50

Smallest part of lungs, where gas exchange happens

Question 51

Ventilation

Answer 51

Movement of gases into and out of the lung

Question 52

Surfactant

Answer 52

What allows lungs to expand

Question 53

Transport

Answer 53

The movement of hemoglobin

Question 54

Anemia

Answer 54

Lack of red blood cells

Question 55

Perfusion

Answer 55

Distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Question 56

Eupnea

Answer 56

Ventilation of normal rate and depth

Question 57

Cheyne-Stokes

Answer 57

Regular cycle where the rate and depth of breathing increase then decrease until apnea (about 20 seconds)

Question 58

Biots respiration

Answer 58

Periods of normal breathing followed by a varying period of apnea (usually 10 second to 1 minute)

Question 59

Pulse saturation O2

Answer 59

Estimates arterial saturation 95-100% good

Question 60

Blood pressure

Answer 60

Force exerted against the blood vessels by the blood

Question 61

Systolic

Answer 61

Maximum amount of blood pressure

Question 62

Diastolic

Answer 62

Minimum exertion

Question 63

Pulse pressure

Answer 63

Subtract systolic and diastolic

Question 64

Hypertension

Answer 64

Major underlaying factor of stroke Contributing doctor to heart attack Frequently no symptoms

Question 65

Hypotension

Answer 65

Skin mottling (discoloration), clamminess, confusion, increased HR, decrease urine output

Question 66

Pain- PQRST

Answer 66

Provokes/ palliates, quality, region/radiation, severity/ setting, timing