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Nursing 101 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

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1
Q

The Fundamental measurement of life signs

A

Vital Signs

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2
Q

what are the 6 vital signs?

A 
temperature (T)
pulse (P)
respirations (R)
blood pressure (BP)
oxygen saturation (SpO2)
subjective measurement of pain
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3
Q

when to asses vital signs

A

upon admission
if patient is declining or you feel it is needed (depending on meds and procedures)
every 8 hours in a hospital (or as provider has ordered)
at least every 4 hours when vitals are abnormal

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4
Q

thermogenisis

A

the production of heat

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5
Q

the amount of heat produced by the body when at total rest

A

basal metabolic rate

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6
Q

how do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

(F-32) x 5/9

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7
Q

thermoregulation

A

the regulation of body temperature

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8
Q

a comfortable core temperature is known as

A

the set-point

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9
Q

diaphoresis

A

when sweat production is high enough to be seen on the skin

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10
Q

factors that can effect body temp

A 
environment
time of day
gender
exercise
meds
food intake
stress
illness
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11
Q

where is a axillary temperature taken

A

under the armpit

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12
Q

what part of the body is a tympanic thermometer used

A

the ear canal (pointed at the eardrum)

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13
Q

normal body temp range

A

97 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F (98.6 average)

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14
Q

febrile

A

term used to indicate the state of having a fever

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15
Q

afebrile

A

term used to indicate the state of being without a fever

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16
Q

what is it called when the body is above 105 degrees

A

hyperthermia

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17
Q

what is it called when your core temp is below 95 degrees F

A

hypothermia

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18
Q

stroke volume

A

the amount of blood discharged from the left ventricle with each contraction

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19
Q

the arterial fluid wave can be palpated as pulsing, tapping and throbbing at various places in the body. This is known as

A

pulse

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20
Q

how is the pulse counted

A

(bpm) or beats per minute

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21
Q

cardiac output

A

the volume of blood pumped from the heart in 1 minute

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22
Q

the central or primary pulse sight where the contraction is strongest

A

apical pulse

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23
Q

(PMI) point of maximum pulse

A

where the apex of the heart touches the chest wall

24
Q

what are the 2 sounds you hear when listening to the heart (full heart beat)

A

S1 and S2 (lubb-dupp)

25
Q

how long are apical pulses assessed for

A

1 FULL minute

26
Q

when the radial pulse is slower than the apical pulse it is known as

A

a pulse deficit

27
Q

other pulse sights that can be used by applying gentle pressure over the artery against underlying bone is called

A

peripheral pulses

28
Q

the 8 peripheral pulse sites

A 
temporal (temple)
carotid (neck)
brachial (arm)
radial (wrist) - most common
femoral (femur area)
popliteal (back of knee)
posterior tibialis (ankle)
dorsalis pedis (top of foot)
29
Q

the 3 characteristics of the pulse

A

rate
rhythm
volume (strength)

30
Q

a pulse less than normal is known as

A

bradycardia

31
Q

a pulse higher than normal is known as

A

tachycardia

32
Q 
normal bpm for
adults
newborns
1-2 years
3-18 years
A

newborn 120-160 bpm
adults 60-100 bpm
1-2 years 90-120 bpm
3-18 years 80-100 bpm

33
Q

how do you asses pulse rhythm?

A

if beats are evenly spaced (normal) or if there are differences in the interval lengths (irregular)

34
Q

what scale is used to asses pulse volume (strength)

A

0 (absent) : not detectable
1+ : a pulse that is faint or difficult to feel
2+ : easily detected and generally described as strong
3+ (bounding): a very strong pulse that does not go away with moderate pressure

35
Q

what is a doppler ultrasound machine

A

a device that uses soundwaves to determine if blood flow is present

36
Q

the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body

A

respiration

37
Q

the movement of air into and out of the lung is known as

A

ventilation

38
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in

39
Q

expiration

A

breathing out

40
Q

asses respiration for the following

A 
rate per minute
depth
rhythm
pattern 
respiratory effort
41
Q

each respiration consists of

A

one inspiration and one expiration

42
Q

normal respiration rate for adults?

A

12-20 called eupnea

43
Q

bradypnea

A

respiratory rate below 12 per minute

44
Q

tachypnea

A

20 respirations or more per minute

45
Q

apnea

A

when respirations are absent

you only have 3-5 minutes to restore breathing before brain damage and death

46
Q

respiration depth is observed by

A

the amount of chest expansion with each breath (normal adult 300-500mL) known as tidal

47
Q

what is blood pressure

A

the measurement of the pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries

48
Q

what are the two components of blood pressure readings

A

systolic pressure

diastolic pressure

49
Q

systolic pressure

A

measurement of force exerted against the arteries during contraction (systole)

50
Q

diastolic pressure (down time)

A

the pressure exerted by the blood on the artery walls while the heart ventricles are not contracting (diastole)

51
Q

how do you write blood pressure fraction and units

A

systolic on top
diastolic on bottom
units used is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

52
Q

pulse pressure

A

the measurement of difference between systolic and diastolic (normally 30-50 points)

53
Q

normal BP for adults

A

between 100/60 and 120/80

54
Q

the bell part of the stethoscope is used for

A

listening to lower pitch sounds (heartbeat)

55
Q

the diaphragm side of a stethoscope is used for listening to

A

higher pitch sounds ( lung, bowel and BP)

Nursing 101 (1 decks)

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