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Biomed > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

Main VS

1
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

Millimeters of mercury

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2
Q

Normal body temp. in Fahrenheit?

A

97.8F - 99F

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3
Q

What’s a normal HR in adults?

A

60 - 100 BPM

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4
Q

What’s a normal HR for children?

A

80 - 110 BPM

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5
Q

Name the 4 ways we can check temperature, and which one is most accurate.

A

Oral, Aural, Rectal, Axillary. Rectal’s most accurate

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6
Q

What’s a normal HR for an infant?

A

120 - 160 BPM

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7
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Body temp’s over 104*F

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8
Q

What is another way of saying fever?

A

Febrile, pyrexia

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9
Q

Normal respiratory rate for adults

A

14 - 18 BPM

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10
Q

Normal respiratory rate for children

A

15 - 30 BPM

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11
Q

Normal respiratory rate for infants

A

30 - 50 BPM

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12
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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13
Q

Apnea

A

Periods of time without respiration

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased respiratory rate. Adults greater than 25 BPM

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15
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow/ decreased respiratory rate. Adults less than 10 BPM

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16
Q

Name the different BP sites and where they are

A

Radial (wrist), Brachial (inner elbow), Dorsalis pedis (crease of the top foot), popliteal (behind the knee)

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17
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Top number; when heart is pumping blood out of the heart, and into the body

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18
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

The bottom number; measures when the heart is refilling it’s chambers up with blood to be pushed out again

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19
Q

What is an average BP reading

A

120/80

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20
Q

Hypertension

A

Increased BP reading; above 120/80

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21
Q

Hypotension

A

Low BP; less than 90/60

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22
Q

Name all pulse sites for pulse

A

apical, Temporal, Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis

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23
Q

Bradycardia

A

Low HR; adults below 60 BPM

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24
Q

Tachycardia

A

Increased HR; adults above 100 BPM

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25
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal and irregular heart beating

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26
Q

What 3 ways is pulse measured in?

A

Rhythm(regaular/ irregular), volume(strong / weak), rate

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27
Q

Which is the common artery to check BP?

A

Brachial artery

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28
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish coloration of skin/ nails; lack of oxygen in the area

29
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Low diastolic BP appearing within 3 min. of standing

30
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the heart, respiratory, body sounds with a stethoscope as a form of diagnosing

31
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

The sounds heard when manually checking BP, distinguished into 5 sections

32
Q

Wheezing

A

High pitched whistle nosie during respiration

33
Q

Rales

A

Bubbling sounds

34
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

Abnormal breathing patterns with apnea and dyspnea; seen in dying patients

35
Q

Homeostasis

A

Ideal state of body

36
Q

Hypothermia

A

Body temp below 95*

37
Q

Temperature

A

Measurement of balance between heat lost and heat produced by body

38
Q

Pulse deficit

A

When there is a difference between your apical and radial pulse

39
Q

Capillary refill test

A

Press on the patients nail and if the color comes back immediately after releasing pressure, they have good circulation

40
Q

Which way does the diaphragm move when inhaling

A

Downward

41
Q

What does the diaphragm do when exhaling

A

It contracts and pressurizes the lungs to expel CO2

42
Q

What is the “T” shaped bone between the lungs

A

Sternum

43
Q

Alveoli

A

Works like a sac in the lungs; when blood reaches alveoli, it does a gas exchange and oxygenates the blood

44
Q

What measures oxygen saturation

A

Pulse oximeter

45
Q

Where can pulse oximeters be clipped onto?

A

Fingertips, toes, earlobes

46
Q

What can cause a 90-94% SpO2 reading

A

Colds, anemia, asthma, etc

47
Q

What is considered a urgent care spo2 reading

A

Below 90%

48
Q

What 2 organs are most sensitive to low spo2 readings

A

Brain and heart

49
Q

What’s the middle layer of the artery called, what does it do

A

Tunica media; it lets the arteries contract for proper flow

50
Q

What are risk factors of high BP

A

Overweight, stress, large alcohol intake

51
Q

What can happen after continuous hypertension

A

Damaged artery walls, atherosclerosis, heart failure

52
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

Disorganized heart signals making the ventricles quiver and not allow the body to receive adequate blood flow

53
Q

How do you treat vifb?

A
  1. CPR
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Amiodarone or Lidocaine
54
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

Atria are out of synch with the ventricles which leads to no symptoms - if symptomatic, SOB, palpitations

55
Q

How do you treat a-fib?

A
  1. Antiarrhythmic meds
  2. Defibrillation
  3. Prescribe beta blockers or calcium channel blockers
56
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

Short circuit causes rapid pumping in the atrias, very dangerous and can lead to stroke - leading to death/disability

57
Q

What’s given to cure atrial flutter?

A

Meds, electric shock, procedures destroying abnormal tissue in the heart to regain normal heart beat

58
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

Life threatening VT, when the ventricles are out of synch from the atrias

59
Q

What acronym is used for sinus tachycardia meds

A

AABCD - ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin

60
Q

What are ACE inhibitors

A

Angiotensin-converting enzymes, help relax veins and arteries to lower blood pressure

61
Q

What are ARBs inhibitors

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers - Treat heart failure, kidney failure, and can treat high BP if patients aren’t able to take ACE inhibitors

62
Q

What are beta blockers?

A

Reduce BP but have side effects such as causing lung spasms if you have lung conditions, or hyperglycemia if diabetic

63
Q

What are calcium channel blockers?

A

Help decrease BP and dilates the arteries, making it easier for the heart to pump blood and making the heart need less oxygen

64
Q

What are digoxin?

A

Cardiac glycoside - helps sooth arrhythmias, a-fib and lower BP, manages symptoms of heart failure. Not used frequently due to its toxicity, requires max supervision

65
Q

What 3 steps do you take when someone goes into asystole

A
  1. CPR
  2. Epinephrine
  3. NO defibrillation
66
Q

Pulseless v-tach intervention

A
  1. CPR
  2. Defibrillate
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Amiodarone or Lidocaine
67
Q

Pulse v-tach Intervention

A
  1. Amiodarone or Lidocaine
68
Q

What do you do for myocardial infarction

A
  1. OANM - Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, Morphine
  2. If caused by clot - T-PA
  3. If caused by plaque - Cardiac catheterization
69
Q

Pacemaker

A

Device attached to the heart by 1+ wire, sending electric signals to allow proper heart beating

Biomed (5 decks)

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