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Vital Signs Flashcards

Main VS

1
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

Millimeters of mercury

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2
Q

Normal body temp. in Fahrenheit?

A

97.8F - 99F

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3
Q

What’s a normal HR in adults?

A

60 - 100 BPM

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4
Q

What’s a normal HR for children?

A

80 - 110 BPM

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5
Q

Name the 4 ways we can check temperature, and which one is most accurate.

A

Oral, Aural, Rectal, Axillary. Rectal’s most accurate

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6
Q

What’s a normal HR for an infant?

A

120 - 160 BPM

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7
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Body temp’s over 104*F

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8
Q

What is another way of saying fever?

A

Febrile, pyrexia

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9
Q

Normal respiratory rate for adults

A

14 - 18 BPM

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10
Q

Normal respiratory rate for children

A

15 - 30 BPM

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11
Q

Normal respiratory rate for infants

A

30 - 50 BPM

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12
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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13
Q

Apnea

A

Periods of time without respiration

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased respiratory rate. Adults greater than 25 BPM

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15
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow/ decreased respiratory rate. Adults less than 10 BPM

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16
Q

Name the different BP sites and where they are

A

Radial (wrist), Brachial (inner elbow), Dorsalis pedis (crease of the top foot), popliteal (behind the knee)

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17
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Top number; when heart is pumping blood out of the heart, and into the body

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18
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

The bottom number; measures when the heart is refilling it’s chambers up with blood to be pushed out again

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19
Q

What is an average BP reading

A

120/80

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20
Q

Hypertension

A

Increased BP reading; above 120/80

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21
Q

Hypotension

A

Low BP; less than 90/60

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22
Q

Name all pulse sites for pulse

A

apical, Temporal, Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis

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23
Q

Bradycardia

A

Low HR; adults below 60 BPM

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24
Q

Tachycardia

A

Increased HR; adults above 100 BPM

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25
Arrhythmia
Abnormal and irregular heart beating
26
What 3 ways is pulse measured in?
Rhythm(regaular/ irregular), volume(strong / weak), rate
27
Which is the common artery to check BP?
Brachial artery
28
Cyanosis
Bluish coloration of skin/ nails; lack of oxygen in the area
29
Orthostatic hypotension
Low diastolic BP appearing within 3 min. of standing
30
Auscultation
Listening to the heart, respiratory, body sounds with a stethoscope as a form of diagnosing
31
Korotkoff sounds
The sounds heard when manually checking BP, distinguished into 5 sections
32
Wheezing
High pitched whistle nosie during respiration
33
Rales
Bubbling sounds
34
Cheyne-Stokes
Abnormal breathing patterns with apnea and dyspnea; seen in dying patients
35
Homeostasis
Ideal state of body
36
Hypothermia
Body temp below 95*
37
Temperature
Measurement of balance between heat lost and heat produced by body
38
Pulse deficit
When there is a difference between your apical and radial pulse
39
Capillary refill test
Press on the patients nail and if the color comes back immediately after releasing pressure, they have good circulation
40
Which way does the diaphragm move when inhaling
Downward
41
What does the diaphragm do when exhaling
It contracts and pressurizes the lungs to expel CO2
42
What is the "T" shaped bone between the lungs
Sternum
43
Alveoli
Works like a sac in the lungs; when blood reaches alveoli, it does a gas exchange and oxygenates the blood
44
What measures oxygen saturation
Pulse oximeter
45
Where can pulse oximeters be clipped onto?
Fingertips, toes, earlobes
46
What can cause a 90-94% SpO2 reading
Colds, anemia, asthma, etc
47
What is considered a urgent care spo2 reading
Below 90%
48
What 2 organs are most sensitive to low spo2 readings
Brain and heart
49
What's the middle layer of the artery called, what does it do
Tunica media; it lets the arteries contract for proper flow
50
What are risk factors of high BP
Overweight, stress, large alcohol intake
51
What can happen after continuous hypertension
Damaged artery walls, atherosclerosis, heart failure
52
Ventricular Fibrillation
Disorganized heart signals making the ventricles quiver and not allow the body to receive adequate blood flow
53
How do you treat vifb?
1. CPR 2. Epinephrine 3. Amiodarone or Lidocaine
54
Atrial Fibrillation
Atria are out of synch with the ventricles which leads to no symptoms - if symptomatic, SOB, palpitations
55
How do you treat a-fib?
1. Antiarrhythmic meds 2. Defibrillation 3. Prescribe beta blockers or calcium channel blockers
56
Atrial Flutter
Short circuit causes rapid pumping in the atrias, very dangerous and can lead to stroke - leading to death/disability
57
What's given to cure atrial flutter?
Meds, electric shock, procedures destroying abnormal tissue in the heart to regain normal heart beat
58
Torsades de pointes
Life threatening VT, when the ventricles are out of synch from the atrias
59
What acronym is used for sinus tachycardia meds
AABCD - ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin
60
What are ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting enzymes, help relax veins and arteries to lower blood pressure
61
What are ARBs inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers - Treat heart failure, kidney failure, and can treat high BP if patients aren't able to take ACE inhibitors
62
What are beta blockers?
Reduce BP but have side effects such as causing lung spasms if you have lung conditions, or hyperglycemia if diabetic
63
What are calcium channel blockers?
Help decrease BP and dilates the arteries, making it easier for the heart to pump blood and making the heart need less oxygen
64
What are digoxin?
Cardiac glycoside - helps sooth arrhythmias, a-fib and lower BP, manages symptoms of heart failure. Not used frequently due to its toxicity, requires max supervision
65
What 3 steps do you take when someone goes into asystole
1. CPR 2. Epinephrine 3. NO defibrillation
66
Pulseless v-tach intervention
1. CPR 2. Defibrillate 3. Epinephrine 4. Amiodarone or Lidocaine
67
Pulse v-tach Intervention
1. Amiodarone or Lidocaine
68
What do you do for myocardial infarction
1. OANM - Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, Morphine 2. If caused by clot - T-PA 3. If caused by plaque - Cardiac catheterization
69
Pacemaker
Device attached to the heart by 1+ wire, sending electric signals to allow proper heart beating

Biomed (5 decks)

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