Vit Drills Flashcards
Vit A (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
Both plants and animal sources - carrots, spinach, kale, egg, papaya, mango, cheese. Liver is a very good source of vitamin A
Def –> night blindness, eye damage from corneal scarring, impairment of mucosal function and immunity
Excess –> rough skin, dry hair and an enlarged liver. In pregnancy, high Vit A can cause birth defects. Women who are (or may become) pregnant should also not eat liver or foods containing liver, such as liver pâté or liver sausage.
who gets vit A def
- resource poor countries
- fat malabsorption in developed coutnries
Vit B1 (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
B1 = thiamine
Foods that are good natural sources of thiamine are cereals, nuts, peas, beans and pork.
Def –> Beri-beri, cardiomyopathy, cardiac features e.g. heart failure, neurological features e.g. polyneuropahy
No toxicity issues
Who gets B1 deficiency
- poor diet, alcoholics
- asian polished rice have low B1
Vit D (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
Def –> rickets,
Infant: delayed closing of fontanelles, craniotabes (soft skull that depresses with pressure), expansion of metaphysis esp wrist, hypotonia, misery
Child: bowing of legs, frontal bossing, harrison sulcus
Adults: osteoporosis
at 13 months of age, breast milk alone is insufficient for Vit D
Toxic –> secondary hypercalcaemia
Who gets Vit D deficiency
- (increased use) pregnant, breastfeeding
- (decreased production) dark skin, fat malabsorption dxs e.g. coeliacs as Vit D is fat soluble, crohns
- (not eating enough Vit D) dieting
- (genetic) Vit D resistance, hypophosphtaemia, kidney problems, Fanconi syndrome
Vit E (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
Found in plants, cereals, nuts and seeds, vegetable oils
Def (rare) –> neuropathy and ataxia, haemolytic anaemia, retinopahy
Tox –> nil
who gets vit E deficiency
- severe fat malabsorption dx e.g. abetalipoproteinaemia or cystic fibrosis. CF patients need regular Vit supplements
Vit K (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
Found in leafy vegetables, vegetable oils and grains
Def –> haemoarrhagic dx of the newborn
Tox –> Nil
Who gets vit K deficiency
- fat malabsorption dx
- warfarin
- neonates has low vit K store and cannot produce own vit k in first few days and breastmilk has low vit K. Vit K is added to all infant formulas
marasmus v kwashiorkor
marasmus is protein-energy malnutrition without oedema
kwashiorkor is severe protein malnutrition with oedema (thought to be due to low protein but high starch diets)
Vit B2 (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
B2 = ribovarin
Found in liver, milk, eggs and veggies
Def = angula stomatitis, fissuring of lips
Tox =
Vit C (deficiency, toxic, who gets them)
Def is rare
Def = petechiae, painful joints, irritability
Found in fresh fruit and veg
Who get’s them
- alcoholics, poor diet, malnutrition
