Vit C And B Complex Vitamins Flashcards
Why can bit c deficiency lead to mild anemia?
Because of the reduced iron absorption caused by bit c deficiency
What does essential mean in regards to nutrients required by the body?
It means these nutrients can’t be made by the human body - they must be acquired in the diet - food or supplements
List the fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
Which type of vitamins are stored in the body and where?
Fat soluble - ADEK
Accumulate in adipose tissue
Which type of vitamins can be toxic?
Fat soluble - ADEK
Can accumulate in adipose tissue and reach toxic levels
Are water soluble vitamins toxic?
Very rarely
What is the UK RNI for vitamin c?
40mg
Which demographic of people require twice as much vitamin c as the rest of the pop?
Smokers
What happens to collagen structure if there isn’t enough vit C?
- SCURVY
- Fe2+ turns into Fe3+ -> hydroxylases can’t translationally hydroxylate proline and lysine
- Without added -OH groups the 3 collagen chains forming procollagen molecule not properly H bonded
- tissue is fragile and can’t function properly
Which tissues are particularly affected by scurvy?
Tissues that rapidly turnover - eg PDL
How does vitamin C affect iron?
It prevents the oxidation of fe2+ to fe3+
What are the initial symptoms of scurvy?
Inflamed gingivae
What are the symptoms of scurvy after progression?
Impaired collagen synthesis and weakening connective tissues
How do the progressional symptoms of scurvy affect the oral environment?
- impaired wound healing
- bleeding gingivae
- damage of PDL
- tooth looseness due to capillary fragility
How many vit B vitamins are there and can you name them?
9
- B1 - thiamine
- B2 - riboflavin
- B3 - niacin
- B5 - pantothenic acid
- B6 - pyridoxine
- B7/8 - biotin
- B9 - folate/folic acid
- B12 - cobalamin
Which b vitamins are involved with dna synthesis and cell division?
B9 and b12
Which b vitamins are involved in different aspects of energy production?
B1, b2, b3 and b7/8
Which b vitamin is involved with amino acid regulation and hormonal regulation?
B6
Name some malabsorption conditions that can lead to vit b deficiency.
- crohn’s
- celiac
- HIV
- alcohol misuse
What are the oral symptoms of vit B deficiency?
- glossitis
- angular chelosis
- aphthous ulcers
Where is folate - B9 - stored?
Liver
What is the RNI for folate?
200ug
What are the sources of folate?
Leafy green vegetables
Liver
Nuts
Whole grain cereals
What are the functions of folate?
- DNA synthesis
- Cell division
- Nucleic acid synthesis in rapidly growing cells
What are the effects of folate deficiency?
- megoblastic anaemia
- hair loss
- fatigue
- birth defects
- heart disease (maybe)
Why does chemotherapy replicate symptoms of folate deficiency?
Methotrexate - used in chemotherapy- binds to folate redactase x1000 more tightly than folate
Prevents folate from reaching active form
Hair loss and fatigue
How long does folate deficiency take to show?
2-3 months
When does numeral tube closure occur?
Around 28th day
What is recommended to prevent spinal bífida and anencephaly?
Few months before pregnancy and during pregnancy (or any woman of child bearing age) take 400ug folic acid supplement daily.
How may folate reduce the risk of heart disease?
By clearing homocysteine which causes heart problems
How does the 400ug supplement of folic acid affect the foetus’ oral health?
Reduces risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate
What is the RNI of B12?
1.5ug
How is B12 obtained?
Obtained by eating animals, eggs, diary products - oil produced by microorganisms in animals
What is the function of b12?
- folate metabolism
- help maintain low homocysteine
- blood formation
- normal nerve functioning
What is the result of insufficient intrinsic factor being produced?
Vit b12 deficiency
Which diet puts you at risk of b12 deficiency?
Strict vegetarians and vegans
What are the symptoms of b12 deficiency?
- mental problems
- fatigue
- hair problems
- chronic pain
- infertility
- blood disorders
What can b12 deficiency get misdiagnosed as and why?
Folate deficiency
When b12 deficiency occurs - most folate trapped as n5-tetrahydrofolate - folate becomes secondary deficiency that can be treated with supplements but there is still the b12 deficiency
How do we diagnose b12 deficiency?
- Two step blood test
1. Holotranscobalamin content determined
2. Concentration of metabolic products resulting from lack of b12 determined
If both tests are unfavourable - vit b12 deficiency can be assumed
What are the oral symptoms of b12 deficiency?
- higher incidence of caries and gingival problems in children with systemic b12 deficiency
- folate symptoms
- general b complex symptoms
Proton pump inhibitors are used to help which disease?
Gastroesogeal reflex disorder
Name 3 medications associated with b12 deficiency
- proton pump inhibitors
- metformin
- levodopa/carbidopa
Which medication is associated with B6 deficiency and what is it meant to treat?
Isoniazid
Tuberculosis
What is furosemide used as a medication for and which vitamin deficiency is it associated with?
Heart failure
Calcium and magnesium
