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IBMS - Nutrition > Vit C And B Complex Vitamins > Flashcards

Vit C And B Complex Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Why can bit c deficiency lead to mild anemia?

A

Because of the reduced iron absorption caused by bit c deficiency

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2
Q

What does essential mean in regards to nutrients required by the body?

A

It means these nutrients can’t be made by the human body - they must be acquired in the diet - food or supplements

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3
Q

List the fat soluble vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

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4
Q

Which type of vitamins are stored in the body and where?

A

Fat soluble - ADEK

Accumulate in adipose tissue

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5
Q

Which type of vitamins can be toxic?

A

Fat soluble - ADEK

Can accumulate in adipose tissue and reach toxic levels

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6
Q

Are water soluble vitamins toxic?

A

Very rarely

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7
Q

What is the UK RNI for vitamin c?

A

40mg

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8
Q

Which demographic of people require twice as much vitamin c as the rest of the pop?

A

Smokers

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9
Q

What happens to collagen structure if there isn’t enough vit C?

A
  • SCURVY
  • Fe2+ turns into Fe3+ -> hydroxylases can’t translationally hydroxylate proline and lysine
  • Without added -OH groups the 3 collagen chains forming procollagen molecule not properly H bonded
  • tissue is fragile and can’t function properly
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10
Q

Which tissues are particularly affected by scurvy?

A

Tissues that rapidly turnover - eg PDL

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11
Q

How does vitamin C affect iron?

A

It prevents the oxidation of fe2+ to fe3+

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12
Q

What are the initial symptoms of scurvy?

A

Inflamed gingivae

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of scurvy after progression?

A

Impaired collagen synthesis and weakening connective tissues

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14
Q

How do the progressional symptoms of scurvy affect the oral environment?

A
  • impaired wound healing
  • bleeding gingivae
  • damage of PDL
  • tooth looseness due to capillary fragility
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15
Q

How many vit B vitamins are there and can you name them?

A

9

  • B1 - thiamine
  • B2 - riboflavin
  • B3 - niacin
  • B5 - pantothenic acid
  • B6 - pyridoxine
  • B7/8 - biotin
  • B9 - folate/folic acid
  • B12 - cobalamin
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16
Q

Which b vitamins are involved with dna synthesis and cell division?

A

B9 and b12

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17
Q

Which b vitamins are involved in different aspects of energy production?

A

B1, b2, b3 and b7/8

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18
Q

Which b vitamin is involved with amino acid regulation and hormonal regulation?

A

B6

19
Q

Name some malabsorption conditions that can lead to vit b deficiency.

A
  • crohn’s
  • celiac
  • HIV
  • alcohol misuse
20
Q

What are the oral symptoms of vit B deficiency?

A
  • glossitis
  • angular chelosis
  • aphthous ulcers
21
Q

Where is folate - B9 - stored?

A

Liver

22
Q

What is the RNI for folate?

A

200ug

23
Q

What are the sources of folate?

A

Leafy green vegetables
Liver
Nuts
Whole grain cereals

24
Q

What are the functions of folate?

A
  • DNA synthesis
  • Cell division
  • Nucleic acid synthesis in rapidly growing cells
25
Q

What are the effects of folate deficiency?

A
  • megoblastic anaemia
  • hair loss
  • fatigue
  • birth defects
  • heart disease (maybe)
26
Q

Why does chemotherapy replicate symptoms of folate deficiency?

A

Methotrexate - used in chemotherapy- binds to folate redactase x1000 more tightly than folate
Prevents folate from reaching active form
Hair loss and fatigue

27
Q

How long does folate deficiency take to show?

A

2-3 months

28
Q

When does numeral tube closure occur?

A

Around 28th day

29
Q

What is recommended to prevent spinal bífida and anencephaly?

A

Few months before pregnancy and during pregnancy (or any woman of child bearing age) take 400ug folic acid supplement daily.

30
Q

How may folate reduce the risk of heart disease?

A

By clearing homocysteine which causes heart problems

31
Q

How does the 400ug supplement of folic acid affect the foetus’ oral health?

A

Reduces risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate

32
Q

What is the RNI of B12?

A

1.5ug

33
Q

How is B12 obtained?

A

Obtained by eating animals, eggs, diary products - oil produced by microorganisms in animals

34
Q

What is the function of b12?

A
  • folate metabolism
  • help maintain low homocysteine
  • blood formation
  • normal nerve functioning
35
Q

What is the result of insufficient intrinsic factor being produced?

A

Vit b12 deficiency

36
Q

Which diet puts you at risk of b12 deficiency?

A

Strict vegetarians and vegans

37
Q

What are the symptoms of b12 deficiency?

A
  • mental problems
  • fatigue
  • hair problems
  • chronic pain
  • infertility
  • blood disorders
38
Q

What can b12 deficiency get misdiagnosed as and why?

A

Folate deficiency
When b12 deficiency occurs - most folate trapped as n5-tetrahydrofolate - folate becomes secondary deficiency that can be treated with supplements but there is still the b12 deficiency

39
Q

How do we diagnose b12 deficiency?

A
  • Two step blood test
    1. Holotranscobalamin content determined
    2. Concentration of metabolic products resulting from lack of b12 determined

If both tests are unfavourable - vit b12 deficiency can be assumed

40
Q

What are the oral symptoms of b12 deficiency?

A
  • higher incidence of caries and gingival problems in children with systemic b12 deficiency
  • folate symptoms
  • general b complex symptoms
41
Q

Proton pump inhibitors are used to help which disease?

A

Gastroesogeal reflex disorder

42
Q

Name 3 medications associated with b12 deficiency

A
  • proton pump inhibitors
  • metformin
  • levodopa/carbidopa
43
Q

Which medication is associated with B6 deficiency and what is it meant to treat?

A

Isoniazid

Tuberculosis

44
Q

What is furosemide used as a medication for and which vitamin deficiency is it associated with?

A

Heart failure

Calcium and magnesium

IBMS - Nutrition (1 decks)

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