Visualizing Data

Question 1

Individuals

Answer 1

Simplest kind of information. Hold properties called variables. They can be cases, things, people, etc.

Question 2

Variable

Answer 2

A property of an individual, like the height (variable) of a person (individual). (The stuff that goes in the middle of a data table.

Question 3

Data Table

Answer 3

When we organize data into a table.

Question 4

Data

Answer 4

Individuals and variables.

Data are individual facts, statistics, or items of information, often numeric. In a more technical sense, data are a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables about one or more persons or objects, while a datum is a single value of a single variable.

Question 5

Categorical vs Quantitative variables.

Answer 5

Quantitative are numerical variables.
Categorical are descriptive, non-numerical attributes. Categorical are words, not numbers (also called qualitative variables).

Question 6

Discrete variable

Answer 6

Those that we can obtain by counting full numbers or integers. A scoop of icecream wouldn’t be counted as 1.4 scoops of icecream.

Question 7

Quantitative Variables

Answer 7

Include data as decimals, fractions, or irrational numbers.

Question 8

4 levels of measurement (scales)

Answer 8

Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.

Question 9

Nominal Scale

Answer 9

Things like food, colors, names and “yes” or “no”. Only categorical ata can be measured with a nominal scale.

Question 10

Ordinal scale

Answer 10

Data that can be ordered from best to worst (awesome, good, satisfactory or terrible). She mentions top three national parks.

Question 11

Interval scale

Answer 11

Can be ordered like ordinal data, but there is a known interval between measurements. For example temperature (50-60 degrees).

Question 12

Ratio Scale

Answer 12

Just like interval except that ratio scale data has a starting point or absolute zero. Temperature (interval) can be negative but things like time, height and weight are ratio scale can because they can never be negative.

Question 13

Constructing a table

Answer 13

Usually you’ll put the individuals listed on the left hand side and the variables listed across the top. But when you have a lot of variables and a few individuals you may want to list the individuals across the top.

Question 14

Bar graph/Bar chart

Answer 14

One of the simplest ways to summarize and represent data.

Question 15

Pie Chart

Answer 15

A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion.

Question 16

Frequency table

Answer 16

Table that shows the frequency count of each individual (I think she also calls it a summary table).

Question 17

Bar graph

Answer 17

Great for showing multiple variables for the same individuals side by side.

Here the continents are individuals and the count is a quantitative variable. Often bar graphs tend to be created in order from highest to lowest (usually when the order is not important like with time).

Question 18

Line Graphs

Answer 18

Similar to bar graphs (you can turn a bar graph into a line graph by drawing a straight line through the tops of the graph). Line graphs are best used to show changes over time or a connection between individuals.

Question 19

Ogive

Answer 19

A special kind of line graph. Looks like a line graph but accumulates the data (an accumulated line graph). Not good for temperatures (temperatures don’t accumulate), but good for accumulated annual savings.

Question 20

Two way tables

Answer 20

Constructed from data that’s dependent on two categorical variables. Sometimes this kind of data has independent and dependent variables. In a one way table we have one independent variable (individuals). In a two way table we have two independent categorias on which the variables are dependent. Two way tables can be represneted as line graphs or barcharts (also some more revealing comparison bar graphs and comparison line graphs).

Question 21

Comparison bar graph

Answer 21

Illustrates the variables side-by-side color coded for each year.

Question 22

Comparison Line Graph

Answer 22

Depicts the data as lines compared year by year, color coded and with a legend.

Question 23

Venn Diagrams

Answer 23

Way to express two way table data using overlapping circles indicating conditions that were met (either sprinkles, frosting or both). **The number in the outside box represents data that doesn’t meet any of the conditions. (no sprinkles or frosting).**

It can be different size circles and it can be more than two circles.