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xB15W3 > VISUALISING THE BOWEL > Flashcards

VISUALISING THE BOWEL Flashcards

1
Q

what is fluoroscopy?

A

x-ray with contrast agent added e.g. barium or iodine

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2
Q

what is double contrast?

A

x-rays of the colon and rectum are taken using two forms of contrast to make the structures easier to see.

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3
Q

at what level does the coeliac trunk appear?

A

T12

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4
Q

at what level does the superior mesenteric artery appear?

A

L1

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5
Q

at what level does the inferior mesenteric artery appear?

A

L3

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6
Q

In CT, what is the unit for the radio density?

A

Hounsfield unit

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7
Q

what is a tomogram?

A

a two-dimensional image representing a slice or section through a three-dimensional object.

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8
Q

What is T2 imaging?

A

when fluid appears very bright and white

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9
Q

what are the types of MRI?

A

can be T1 or T2

can be fat saturated or non fat saturated

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10
Q

what is a fat saturated MRI?

A

an MRI technique used to suppress the signal from normal adipose tissue to reduce chemical shift artefact, improve visualization of uptake of contrast material and tissue characterization

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11
Q

what should you use MRI for?

A

soft tissue

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12
Q

what is a gastroscope?

A

a nasal/oral endoscope

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13
Q

what is a colonoscopy?

A

endoscopy from the anal canal

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14
Q

what laxative is given before a colonoscopy?

A

moviPrep

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15
Q

what would an inguinal hernia look like on MRI?

A

bowel seen in front of the transverses abdomens

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16
Q

what is a direct hernia?

A

the abnormal exit of tissue/organ directly through the wall of the inguinal canal

17
Q

what is an indirect hernia?

A

the abnormal exit of tissue/organ directly through the inguinal canal via the top (usually a birth defect)

18
Q

Outline an ERCP?

A

endoscope is passed down to the major duodenal papilla and then a cannula is passed up into the biliary tree and contrast agents can be injected here so the area can be visualised

19
Q

why can MRCP be better than ERCP?

A

MRCP is non-invasive and can image the surrounding structures

20
Q

how can you see splenomegaly on CT

A

enlarged spleen

left kidney lower than the right as its being pushed by the spleen (usually right is lower)

21
Q

at what level re the kidneys?

A

T12-L3

22
Q

why do you not see all the colon on one plane in a CT?

A

ascending and descending colon are retroperitoneal whilst horizontal colon is intraperitoneal

23
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

from deep to superficial..
transversus abdominis
internal oblique
external oblique

24
Q

how would ulcerative colitis present on barium enema?

A

lack of definitive haustrae (lead pipe colon)

25
Q

what will radiographs of colorectal cancer show?

A

a barium enema will not make it all the way through the colon due to narrowing from tumours - this is called the apple core sign

26
Q

what are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

left gastric artery, splenic artery and common hepatic artery

27
Q

what does the left gastric artery give rise to?

A

oesophageal arteries before anastomosing with the r gastric artery

28
Q

what are the branches of the splenic artery?

A

left gastroepiploic
short gastric
pancreatic

29
Q

what does the common hepatic artery give rise to?

A

proper hepatic artery and gasproduodenal artery

30
Q

what does the proper hepatic artery give rise to?

A

right gastric artery
right and left hepatic
cystic artery

31
Q

what does the gasproduodenal artery give rise to?

A

right gastroepiploic

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

32
Q

what are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A 
jejunal arteries 
ill arteries
ileocolic artery - anterior and posterior caecal artery
right colic artery
middle colic artery
33
Q

what are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

left colic atyery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal arteries

34
Q

where does an abdominal aortic aneurysm usually exist below?

A

below the level of the renal arteries (L1-l2)

35
Q

what are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A 
infeiror phrenic arteries
coeliac artery
superior mesenteric artery
middle suprarenal arteries
renal arteries
gonadal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery
median sacral artery
lumbar artery
36
Q

at what level are the gonadal arteries?

A

L2

xB15W3 (8 decks)

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