Visual Vocabulary

Question 1

Scotoma

Answer 1

Area of blindness. AFTER chiasma.

Question 2

Quadrantanopia

Answer 2

Blind in 1/4

Question 3

Hemianopia

Answer 3

Blind in 1/2

Question 4

Prosopagnosia

Answer 4

Lesion in infero-temporal cortex impairing facial recognition.

Question 5

Amblyopia

Answer 5

Developmental disorder of visual loss (cortical basis)

Question 6

Anisometropic amblyopia

Answer 6

Blurred image in one eye

Question 7

Strabismic amblyopia

Answer 7

misalignment between eyes.

(Reduced grey matter in LGN layers for the affected eye).

Question 8

Deprivation amblyopia

Answer 8

Congenital cataract in one eye

Question 9

Miosis

Answer 9

Pupillary light reflex (constriction)

Question 10

Myodriasis

Answer 10

Pupillary light reflex (dilation)

Question 11

Accommodation

Answer 11

Adjusting power of lens by increasing curvature

Question 12

Helmholtz Theory of Accommodation

Answer 12

1. ciliary muscle contracts. decrease in zonular tension
2. Lens more spherical with increased surface curvatures
3. accommodation ceases, choroid and zonular fibers return ciliary muscle to unaccommodated state.
4. Reconfiguration of muscle increases tension on zonular fibers.
5. Edges of lens now flatten, unaccommodating lens.

Question 13

Presbyopia

Answer 13

Age-related loss of accommodation

Question 14

Emmetropia

Answer 14

Normal refractivity

Question 15

Myopia

Answer 15

(near-sightedness)
Point of focus in front of retina
Near objects in focus, not distant ones.
Correct with lens with negative optical power (CONCAVE)

Question 16

Hyperopia

Answer 16

(far-sightedness)
Point of focus behind the retina
Far objects in focus, not near ones.
Curvature of lens and cornea not sufficient.
Correct with lens with positive optical power (CONVEX)

Question 17

Astigmatism

Answer 17

Optical defect where vision blurs as optics cannot focus a clear image onto retina.

Due to irregular or toric curvature of lens/cornea.