Visual System + Retina Diseases

Question 1

Myopia

Answer 1

Nearsightedness

refractive power is too strong or eye ball is too long so light is in focus before it reaches retina

Question 2

Hyperopia

Answer 2

Farsightedness

refractive power is too weak or eyeball is too short; focus of light is beyond retina

Question 3

Papilledema

Answer 3

inc intracranial pressure = compromise dilation of retinal veins

disk appears white

Question 4

Detached retina

Answer 4

Retina separates from retinal pigment epithelium

Question 5

Age related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer 5

poor central vision

causes:
genetic, ocular, environmental factors, age, smoking, weight

Question 6

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 6

Initial stage:
scotomas not recognized by patients; micro aneurysms

Late stage:
new blood vessels form

Question 7

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 7

• rods degenerate
• one of earliest symptoms: night blindness, then loss of peripheral vision, then “tunnel vision”
• reduced phagocytosis of RPE cells during disk shedding
• accumulate pigment

Question 8

Night blindness (nyctalopia)

Answer 8

vit A deficiency (precursor for retinAL