Visual System: Peripheral

Question 1

photons

Answer 1

discrete particles of energy that make up light

Question 2

Waves

Answer 2

waves of energy = make up light

Question 3

wavelength

Answer 3

the length of a wave = relates to which color we see

Question 4

intensity

Answer 4

relates to how bright the light is

Question 5

Visible light (humans)

Answer 5

380-760 nm

Question 6

sensitivity

Answer 6

the ability to detect the presence of dimly lit objects

Question 7

acuity

Answer 7

the ability to see the details in objects

Question 8

depth of focus

Answer 8

the range of depths that can be kept in focus on the retina

decreases when it’s darker

Question 9

Iris

Answer 9

the doughnut shaped bands of contractile tissue

gives the eye its color

Question 10

pupil

Answer 10

the hole in the center of the iris that light enters through

size changes with differences in how light it is

Question 11

lens

Answer 11

focuses light on the retina

Question 12

ciliary muscles

Answer 12

muscles that alter the shape of the lens as needed

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

the process the ciliary muscles go through when adjusting the lens

Question 14

Convergence

Answer 14

eyes must turn slightly inward when viewing objects

Question 15

Binocular Disparity

Answer 15

The difference of position of the same image on both retinas (bc your eyes are on 2 different spots)

Question 16

Retina

Answer 16

converts light to neural signals

Question 17

receptors

Answer 17

first layer of retina (from the back of the eyeball)

Question 18

horizontal cells

Answer 18

2nd layer of the retina (from the back of the eyeball)

Question 19

bipolar cells

Answer 19

3rd layer of the retina (from back to front of the eyeball)

Question 20

amacrine cells

Answer 20

4th layer of the retina (from back to front of the eyeball)

Question 21

retinal-ganglion cells

Answer 21

5th layer of the retina (from the back to from of the eyeball)

Question 22

fovea

Answer 22

an indentation at the center of the retina

-specialized for high acuity

Question 23

blind spot

Answer 23

the spot in the retina w/ no receptors, where the optic nerves leave the eye

Question 24

completion

Answer 24

the brain uses info from the receptors around the blind spot to fill in the gaps in the retina (blind spot)

Question 25

duplex theory of vision

Answer 25

the idea that rods and cones mediate different types of vision

Question 26

Rods

Answer 26

• high sensitivity (darkness)
• low acuity (bad quality of detail)
• don’t see color
• sensitive to shorter wavelengths*

Question 27

Cones

Answer 27

• low sensitivity (don’t see well in the dark)
• high acuity (see details well)
• color
• sensitive to longer wavelengths*

Question 28

Scoptic Vision

Answer 28

the vision controlled by rods (non-color, high sensitivity)

Question 29

Photopic Vision

Answer 29

the vision controlled by cones (color, high acuity)

Question 30

3 types of cones

Answer 30

red, green, blue

long WL, Medium WL, Short WL

Question 31

Component theory

trichromatic

Answer 31

color is encoded by the ratio of activity in all 3 types of cones

Question 32

Opponent-process theory

Answer 32

color is processed in an antagonistic manner

Question 33

saccades

Answer 33

quick, involuntary, eye movements

they are summated over time, to make an image