Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Visual System > Flashcards

Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

What structure performs the following function?

contains nuclei of ganglion cells

A

ganglion cell layer (GCL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the three parts of the uvea?

A

choroid, ciliary body, iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does the lens have vasculature?

A

No, it is avascular and with little ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structure performs the following function?

absorbs scattered light

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are there organelles in the body of the lens?

A

No, just lens fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the posterior surface of the iris lined with?

A

a double layer of pigmented epithelium (absorbs light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structure performs the following function?

contains nuclei of bipolar neurons (also nuclei of horizontal and amacrine neurons and Muller glia)

A

inner nuclear layer (INL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What determines eye color?

A

The number of melanocytes int he anterior aspect of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Retinal ganglion cell fibers synapse onto nuclei of the superior colliculus for what purpose?

A

for orienting the movements of head and eyes and directing the eyes to regions of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structure performs the following function?

outer segment renewal

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three regions of the ciliary body?

A

vitreous body, sclera, posterior chamber/lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What structure performs the following function?

secretion of growth factors for maintenance and structural integrity of retina

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three layers of the choroid?

A
  • vessel layer
  • chorocapillary layer
  • Bruch’s membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is it called when another disease causes or contributes to incresed eye pressure, resulting in optic nerve damage and vison loss?

A

secondary glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

From where does the central retinal artery emerge?

A

from the optic nerve and before that the ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false:

The vitreous body contains a large number of cells

A

False, it is nearly acellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hyperopia and how is it caused?

A

Farsightedness

Close up objects appear blurry because they are focused on a point beyond the retina

Eye too short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What supports the lens in the eye?

A

A system of fibers (suspensory ligament or zonules) attached to the ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the outer segments of photoreceptors do?

A

they are flattened membrane discs with photosensitive visual pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe rods.

A
  • long, slender outer segments
  • numerous except at fovea
  • very light sensitive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which photoreceptor’s outer folds pinch off so the discs become free-floating within the outer segment?

A

rods

17
Q

What does the anterior aspect of the iris contain?

A
  • vascularature
  • loose CT
  • melanocytes
18
Q

When the ciliary muscles relax, what happens to the lens?

A

The lens gets thinner, allowing one to focus on distant objects

19
Q

Describe parasympathetic control of intraocular eye muscles

A

Parasympathetic stimulation causes the sphincter pupillae muscle to contract its concentric smooth muscle bundles

The pupil constricts

20
Q

What structure performs the following function?

serves as the basement membrane of Muller glial cells

A

inner limiting lamina

22
Q

When the ciliary muscles contract, what happens to the lens?

A

The lens thickens, allowing one to focus on near objects

23
Q

What is myopia and how is it caused?

A

Nearsightedness

Can’t see faraway objects because they are focused in front of the retina

The eye is too long

25
Q

What structure performs the following function?

contains axons and ganglion cells that converge to form the optic nerve

A

nerve fiber layer (NFL)

27
Q

What structure performs the following function?

nutritive function

very transparent structure, 99% water & avascular

A

vitreous body

28
Q

What is it called when optic nerve damage has occurred despite a normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?

A

normal tension glaucoma

29
Q

What do the inner segments of photoreceptors do?

A

they have organelles for protein synthesis and energy production

30
Q

What structure performs the following function?

3-4 micron thick amorphous hyaline membrane that the retinal pigmented epithelia rests upon

A

Bruch’s membrane

31
Q

red/yellow melanins

A

pheomelanin

32
Q

What structure performs the following function?

covers lens, regulates amount of light reaching the retina

A

iris

34
Q

Which type of glaucoma accounts for 80-85% of all cases and is due to an obstruction in the drainage system of the eye?

A

open-angle or chronic glaucoma

35
Q

black/brown melanins

A

eumelanin

36
Q

Describe cones.

A
  • conical outer segments with membrane discs
  • responsible for high acuity and color vision
  • peak density at fovea
37
Q

What type of glaucoma results from poor access to the drainage system in the eye because the angle between the iris and the cornea narrows?

A

angle-closure glaucoma

38
Q

What structure performs the following function?

is the location of synapses of rod and cone axons with next layer of neurons (bipolar)

A

outer plexiform layer (OPL)

39
Q

When focused on distant objects, the lens is (thinner / thicker)?

A

thinner

40
Q

What structure performs the following function?

transports nutrients and ions between photoreceptors & choriocapillaris

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

41
Q

What structure performs the following function?

reisomerization of all-trans retinal

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

42
Q

What structure performs the following function?

spatial buffering of ions in the subretinal space

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

43
Q

Describe sympathetic control of intraocular muscles

A

Sympathetic stimulation causes the dilator pupillae to contract its radially arranged fibers

Pupil dilation

44
Q

What are the two layers of the retina?

A

Neural or sensory retina

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

45
Q

Blood supply of the retina

A

outer - choriocapillaries

inner - central retinal artery

46
Q

What structure performs the following function?

contains nuclei of rods and cones

A

outer nuclear layer (ONL)

47
Q

Retinal ganglion cell fibers synapse onto nuclei of the pretectum for what purpose?

A

for pupillary reflex and control of lens

48
Q

When focused on near objects, the lens is (thinner / thicker)?

A

thicker

49
Q

What structure performs the following function?

contains synapses of bipolar axons with ganglion cells

A

inner plexiform layer (IPL)

51
Q

What are the major macromolecules of the vitreous body?

A

type 2 collagen and hyaluronic acid

52
Q

How much blood flow does the choroid receive and what other structure does it maintain?

A

The choroid receives 65-86% of the blood flow (from choriocapillaries) and is vital for the maintenance of the outer retina (particular the photoreceptors)

Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions