Visual Imagery

Question 1

What did Aristotle say about imagery?

Answer 1

• Thought is not possible without images

Question 2

What did Wilhem Wundt beleive about imagery?

Answer 2

• mental images could be related to conciousness

Question 3

What did Francis Galton say about mental images?

Answer 3

• mental imagery has alot of individual variations

Question 4

What is aphantagia

Answer 4

• can’t make mental images

Question 5

People with good mental images are more likle to become?

Answer 5

• fiction writers

Question 6

What did Alan pavaio believe about imagery?

Answer 6

• we remeber things better when we imagine them

Question 7

What is one problem with what Alan pavio has to say about imagery?

Answer 7

• we remeber concrete things such as (boat,hat) better
• but poorly remember abstract ideas, because they are hard to vidualize.

You can’t visualize justice, truth

Question 8

What did John Watson say about imagery?

Answer 8

• we should focus on stimulus and response
• and that we should stop studying this.

Question 9

What did Roger Shepard and Jacqueline Metzler investigate?

Answer 9

• the mental rotation cube
• the more moves it will take to rotate physically, the longer it will take
• so the same thing applies to mental rotations

Question 10

What is Zenon pylyshyn’s epiphenomenon

Answer 10

• mental imagery is a byproduct of cognitive processes. Because we process the infomration, it just so happens that we imagine something too.
• and mental images play no functional role

Question 11

What is the diffrence between propositional representation & spatial representation?

Answer 11

**Propositional Representation: **Abstract, symbolic, and language-like (e.g., “ON(CAT, MAT)”). Focuses on meaning and relationships.
Spatial Representation: Visual and picture-like, mimicking physical space (e.g., a mental image of a cat on a mat).
**Key Difference: **Propositional is conceptual/logical, while spatial is sensory/visual.

Question 12

Waht did stephen kosslyn beleive about imagery?

Answer 12

• that imagery is like our perceptual ability

Question 13

The one with the island

What is the study that stephen kosslyn conducted

(mental scanning)

Answer 13

• he told undergrads to memorize the map of an island
• then from memory they had to imagine going to a far destination or a close destination
• press the button when they get there

Question 14

In the Island study

What did the Stephen Kosslyn find?

Answer 14

• when navigating to the far destination, they took longer
• and the close destination had quicker reactions

Question 15

What did Stephen Kosslyn find in his “size to visual field study”

Answer 15

• he told people to imagine a rabit and an elephant
• they both fit in the visual feild
• same thinf happened when told to imagine a rabit and a fly

Question 16

What specific diffrences wdid stephen Kosslyn find between imagining fly and elephant compared to rabit?

Answer 16

• when people were asked if the rabit had whiskers, people were slower to answer if they were imaging a rabit and an elephant
• but quicker to answer if they were imaging a fly and rabit
• this is because it is more zoomed in when imaging a fly and rabit

Question 17

What did Stephen Kosslyn find in the mental walk task

Answer 17

• when people told to imagine a car, the car got bigger and bigger as they walked closer to it
• and smaller and smaller as they stepped away from it

Question 18

What did Cheves and Perky find about imagery and mental images?

Answer 18

• they told people to imagine a banana
• researchers projected a faint mental image of a banana on the wall
• in some cases the banana was vertical or horizontal
• people were more likley to imagine a horizontal banana or a vertical banana if shown one

Question 19

what does the study by What did Cheves and Perky tell us?

Answer 19

• that people couldn’t tell the diffrence between imagining a banana and seeing one
• meaning perception and visual imagery share close relathionship between the two proceses

Question 20

What is single cell recording?

Answer 20

• stimulate parts of the brain during surgery
• to avoid important parts of the brain

Question 21

what happens when people stimualte the fusiform cortex during surgery?

Answer 21

• people start to imagine faces

Question 22

Which part of the brain activates when we imagine objects?

Answer 22

• the visual cortex

Question 23

What does TMS to the occipital lobe cause?

Answer 23

• the inability to imagine or see certain quadrands

Question 24

What happens if you damage your visual cortex?

Answer 24

damage to the visual cortex can significantly impair your ability to imagine, supporting the idea that mental imagery and visual perception share similar neural mechanisms.

Question 25

What is unilateral neglect?

Answer 25

inability to attend to or be aware of stimuli on the opposite side of the lesion

Question 26

How does unilateral neglect affect your ability to imagine

Answer 26

when you have unilateral neglect you can’t imagine stuff on the right or left side ither

Question 27

Are imagery and perception the same thing?

Answer 27

No, they are not the same. Although they are similar and share some processes, they are different. Perception is the act of seeing something in the real world, while imagery involves imagining something in your mind, drawing on perception and semantic memories to construct the image.