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methods BLOCK 2 > Visual fields > Flashcards

Visual fields Flashcards

1
Q

visual fields

A

the entire area that can be seen when the eye is directed forward, including that which is seen with peripheral vision. The visual field can be tested to measure the extent and distribution of the field of vision

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2
Q

the entire expanse of space visible at a given instant without moving the eyes

A

visual field or field of vision

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3
Q

How is visual field different than VA?

A
  • more concerned with peripheral vision

- VA is how well you can resolve something when looking directly at it

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4
Q

visual field test

A

measures the extent and distribution of the field of vision

several methods:

  • confrontational field testing
  • amsler grid
  • tangent screen
  • automated perimetry
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5
Q

What are some diseases that can affect VF?

A
  • glaucoma
  • strokes (CVA)
  • tumors
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6
Q

diseases affect on VF vs VA

A

It will affect VF long before central vision

Pts can have 20/20 VA and VF loss

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7
Q

what medications can affect VF?

A

plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine)

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8
Q

VF and occupation

A

driver’s license

pilots

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9
Q

Vf and determination of functional loss

A
  • benefits for loss of vision

- insurance reimbursement

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10
Q

visual field screening

A
  • finds gross defects, not minute defects, not specific
  • done when VF loos unlikely but possible
  • quick, easy, capable of eliciting a wide variety of defects
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11
Q

qualitative or diagnostic field testing

A
  • shade, quality, location, borders
  • designed to determine the characteristics of a VF defect
  • special DL testing, ptosis functional loss assessment, etc
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12
Q

quantitative visual field testing

A
  • sophisticated, measure numerically, specific
  • fully quantifies a known or suspected defect, so future changes detectable
  • requries automated (full threshold) perimetry (humphrey)
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13
Q

incidence of VF loss

A

3-5%

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14
Q

how many of those appearing for first eye exam had VF defects?

A

4.4%

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15
Q

how many of first time VF defects were sight or life threatening?

A

half

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16
Q

VF symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic

- may be the only detectable evidence of a disease/disorder

17
Q

when should VF screening be done?

A

-recommended at all CEE

18
Q

confrontational VF

A
  • quick, simple to screen for gross VF loss
  • does not require special equipment, easy for homebound or bedridden pts
  • sensitivity not high
  • better for posterior visual pathway lesions than anterior visual pathway lesions
19
Q

technique for confrontation VF

A
  • 1 meter from pt
  • pt covers one eye
  • look into appropriate eye of examiner
  • no glasses
  • dr introduces fingers in each quadrant while making sure pt maintains fixation straight ahead
  • compare to own (dr) VF
  • know how to pick out problem
20
Q

what if VF abnormal?

A
  • record in chart

- assess

21
Q

target for confrontation VF

A

make sure it remains completely with the quadrant, not between

recognize deceptive responses

22
Q

asymptomatic field loss

A

may be the only detectable evidence of a serious medical condition

23
Q

central VF loss

A
  • usually, but not always associated with reduced VA

- not routinely screened for

24
Q

macular disorders

A
  • when they are suspected, central VF should be done

- VA reduced, color defects indicative of mac problem

25
Q

common methods for central VF test

A
  • amslers grid

- specialized automated VF test strategies

26
Q

amsler grid

A
  • simple, quick
  • central VF
  • qualitative
  • detects gross abnormalities that may be mac problems
27
Q

scotoma

A

total black out on amsler grid

28
Q

metamorphopsia

A

darker, wavy lines on amsler

29
Q

amsler grid normal response

A
  • dot at center
  • all 4 corners seen when looking at dot
  • no areas of grid missing
  • no distortion
30
Q

abnormal amsler

A
  • indicated a defect of central VF
  • macular dysfunction
  • used to monitor for change in those with known defects
31
Q

any deviation from normal in VF screen

A
  • recognized
  • recorded
  • addressed
32
Q

normal VF’s

A
  • full in extent
  • free of blind spots
  • free of areas of distortion

methods BLOCK 2 (8 decks)

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