Visual diagnosis Flashcards

Hangman’s fracture or C2 pars interarticularis fracture with subluxation

Jefferson fracture
C1 fracture through anterior and posterior arches

Clay Shovelers fracture
spinal process fracture

Chance fracture
vertebral body fracture secondary to extension / flexion injury

Osborne or J waves seen with hypothermia

HOCM
Dagger like Q-waves, particularly in the lateral and inferior leads

Diagnostic Criteria Type 1 (Coved ST segment elevation >2mm in >1 of V1-V3 followed by a negative T wave) is the only ECG abnormality that is potentially diagnostic.
This ECG abnormality must be associated with one of the following clinical criteria to make the diagnosis:
Documented VF or VT
Fam hx sudden cardiac death at <45 years old .
Coved-type ECGs in family members.
Inducibility of VT with programmed electrical stimulation .
Syncope.
Nocturnal agonal respiration.

ECG showing regular broad complex tachycardia with widened QRS and abnormal terminal R wave in aVR.
Findings associated with TCA overdose

Irregularly irregular wide complex tachycardia
atrial fibrillation with LBBB based on QRS morpho: aberrant ventricular entry via WPW
**favour electricity over meds to cardiovert

The epsilon wave is a small positive deflection (‘blip’) buried in the end of the QRS complex.
The ECG changes in ARVD include:
Epsilon wave (most specific finding, seen in 30% of patients)
T wave inversions in V1-3 (85% of patients)
Prolonged S-wave upstroke of 55ms in V1-3 (95% of patients)
Localised QRS widening of 110ms in V1-3
Paroxysmal episodes of ventricular tachycardia with a LBBB morphology

2nd degree AV block
Mobitz type 1
usually due to reversible conduction block at the level of the AV node.
Malfunctioning AV node cells tend to progressively fatigue until they fail to conduct an impulse

2 degree AV block
Mobitz type II
cells of the His-Purkinje system which tend to fail suddenly and unexpectedly (i.e. producing a Mobitz II block)

Tillaux fracture
(no coronal component)

It comprises of:
a vertical fracture through the epiphysis
a horizontal fracture through the physis
an oblique fracture through the metaphysis
Identify the ligaments of the ankle


Jimson weed

Atropine! Anticholinergic toxidrome
delirium, hallucination, hyperthermia, tachycardia, bizarre behavior, and severe mydriasis
supportive care, physostigmine and atropine as needed
Water hemlock

signs of cicutoxin poisoning start 15–60 minutes after ingestion: vomiting, convulsions, widened pupils, salivation, excess sweating and the patient may go into a coma
*** convulsions and either an overactive or underactive heart
No antidote, treatment is supportive.
Oleander

Digoxin intoxication
starts with intestinal symptoms, then lethargy, visual disturbances, disorientation, HYPERKALEMIA (profound Na-K-ATPase inhibition)
cardiac with prolonged AV from 1st-3rd degree heartblock, escape rhythms
Fox glove

Digoxin intoxication
starts with intestinal symptoms, then lethargy, visual disturbances, disorientation, HYPERKALEMIA (profound Na-K-ATPase inhibition)
cardiac with prolonged AV from 1st-3rd degree heartblock, escape rhythms
Amanita

Amanita phalloides
vomiting starts >6hrs post ingestion
hepatic failure >24hrs post ingestion
Rx fluid and electrolyte replacement, activated charcoal, dialysis