Vision Skills Used In Functional Vision Flashcards
What is Eye Movement Control?
Conscious ability to move both eyes in a certain direction
What is Simultaneous Focus at Distance?
Both eyes are able to focus, simultaneously, on an object/area
What does Sustaining focus at distance refer to?
Both eyes maintaining the focus of an object/area in the distance
What is Simultaneous focus at near?
Both eyes being able to focus at the same time on an object/area at near
What does Sustaining focus at near mean?
Both eyes maintaining the focus of an object/area at near
What is Simultaneous eye alignment at distance?
Both eyes simultaneously directed at an object in the distance
What does Sustaining eye alignment at distance entail?
Ability to keep both eyes looking at the same object in the distance
What is Simultaneous eye alignment at near?
Both eyes looking at the same object at near
What does Sustaining eye alignment at near refer to?
Ability to keep both eyes looking at the same object at near
What is Central visual acuity?
A measure of how small of an object a person can see at a given distance
What is Peripheral vision?
Area visible to the eyes outside of central vision
What does Depth awareness mean?
Ability to judge distances or depth
What is Color perception?
Ability to perceive and distinguish different colors, notably red, green, yellow, blue
What are Gross visual-motor skills?
Ability to control large muscles of the body for activities such as pointing, catching, or throwing
What are Fine visual-motor skills?
Ability to control small muscles of the body such as hands and fingers while writing or drawing
What is Visual Perception?
Ability to interpret information derived from the eyes relative to surroundings
What does Visual Integration refer to?
Ability to integrate information from the eyes with other senses and tie together multiple visual skills
What is the purpose of Fixation Awareness and Attention to Objects?
To know the distance where the object is recognized and if the patient uses sight or other senses
What is Tracking in visual skills?
Following moving objects with the eye or head
What is the purpose of Tracking?
To know if the patient can follow objects at different positions of gaze without losing them
What is the primary purpose of accurately moving the eye from one object to another?
To know if the patient has difficulty from changing fixation from one point to another.
What does discrimination of objects involve?
Recognizing the general contour of an object.
What is the purpose of object discrimination in patients?
To know if the patient can discriminate between people and objects.
What does discrimination of details to identify actions and match objects entail?
Identifying the features of an object, not the fine details.
What is the reason for assessing the discrimination of details in pictures?
To know if the patient can get information from posters, advertisements, or in books.
What does identification and perception of patterns, numbers, and words involve?
Matching letters and numbers by the similar or different features of them.
What is the purpose of visual skills exercises?
To enhance visual functioning.
List types of visual skills exercises used to enhance visual functioning.
- Fixation Exercises
- Tracking Exercises
- Scanning Exercises
- Spotting Exercises
- Eccentric-Viewing Exercises
What does fixation refer to in the context of visual skills?
The act of aiming the eye or eyes at a specific spot.
Why is accurate fixation and fixation stability important?
They are important in keeping our world clear so that objects can be more easily identified.
What should fixation targets be based on?
The visual condition of the patient.
What is the purpose of the Monocular Push Up exercise?
Strengthen the focusing ability of your eyes so you can read up close better.
What equipment is needed for the Monocular Push Up exercise?
- Detailed sticker on a stick
- Pencil with small writing on it
- Reading material with small print
- Eye patch
- Distance glasses (if glasses are normally worn)
Fill in the blank: The act of directing the eye toward the object of regard is known as _______.
[Fixation]
True or False: Fixation involves centering the image on the fovea for the best vision.
True
What should be observed when using a moving fixation target?
If the patient can follow the movement or if the eye/s have LAG.
What is the significance of the fovea in eye fixation?
It is where the image is centered for the best vision.
What should you wear during the eye exercise if you use distance glasses?
Wear your distance glasses during the exercise
How far should the target be held from your eyes during the exercise?
At an arm’s length away from your eyes and at eye level
What is the procedure for the eye exercise regarding the target?
Move the target up close until details slightly blur and keep them clear by focusing
How long should you hold the target at the point where details blur?
For at least 5 seconds
What is the goal of the eye exercise?
Be able to do near activities for extended periods without blurring of vision
How many minutes should the eye exercise be performed each day?
5 minutes a day with each eye or a total of 10 minutes
What is the definition of ‘Pursuit’ in vision therapy?
Ability to maintain fixation while following a moving target
What are the materials needed for monocular pursuits?
- 1 ball (tennis, rubber, baseball, etc.)
- 1 string (chain, rope, fishing line, etc.)
- Fixation targets (thumbtacks, pins, stickers, letters, etc.)
What is the procedure for training monocular pursuits?
Hang a ball from the ceiling at eye-level and follow it with minimal head movements
For how long should each direction be performed during monocular pursuits?
30 seconds in each direction
What should be done if there is a head tilt during the exercises?
Perform the exercises without a head tilt
True or False: You should cover one eye during the monocular pursuits exercise.
True
What is the purpose of the exercises performed while balancing a bean bag on your head?
To train monocular pursuits
Exercises include movements like up and down, side to side, and diagonal directions.
What is a saccade?
A voluntary change in fixation from one point to another in the field
It involves relatively quick eye movements where the eye ‘jumps’ from one target to another.
What are the primary stimuli for a saccadic eye movement?
Shift in attention
Peripheral awareness and the ability to calculate the jump size are also important.
What are the main goals of improving Oculomotor Functions?
- Maintain accurate eye control at all times
- Shift gaze quickly and efficiently
What is the procedure for Level 1 of the Oculomotor exercise?
Watch the video and read the numbers out loud from left to right while moving only your eyes
The head should remain still during this exercise.
What is the difficulty progression for the Oculomotor exercises?
Level 1: Easy, Level 2: Medium (speed x1.5), Level 3: Hard (speed x1.75), Level 4: Extreme (speed x2)
Each level increases the speed of the video.
Fill in the blank: The exercises should be performed ______ times a week for several weeks.
5
What aspects should be emphasized during the Oculomotor exercises?
- Work on accuracy
- Eliminate head or body movements
- Avoid jerky eye movements
True or False: The exercises can be performed with both eyes open at all times.
False
One eye must be closed (patched) during the exercises.
What is the significance of performing the exercises while in different positions?
To increase difficulty and challenge stability
Examples include sitting, standing, marching in place, and balancing.
What is the final goal of the exercises?
To improve reading speed and Oculomotor functions
This includes maintaining accurate eye control and shifting gaze efficiently.
