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HSC3502 Exam 3 > Vision Loss & Blindness > Flashcards

Vision Loss & Blindness Flashcards

1
Q

what is total blindness?

A

NLP (no light perception); complete loss of form and visual light perception

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2
Q

what is blindness?

A

may be used to describe someone with severe visual impairment (some remaining vision)

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3
Q

what is normal vision

A

20/20

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4
Q

what is visual acuity

A

blind; 20/400

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5
Q

what is legally blind

A

20/200

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6
Q

what is visual field

A

area of vision which can be obtained by keeping head stable and eyes forward

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7
Q

what is peripheral vision

A

corners of your eye, edges of visual field

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8
Q

what is central vision

A

focal part of vision at the center of the eye; ability to see with sharp detail things straight ahead

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9
Q

what are pupillary reactions

A

determines whether there is pupillary constriction when light is present for 3 seconds

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10
Q

what is low vision

A

vision that is not corrected by glasses/lenses ; chronic visual impairment

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11
Q

what is accommodation

A

pupillary convergence; eyes adjusting to light and dark

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12
Q

what is nystagmus

A

eyes moving rapidly and involuntarily

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13
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of the eyes

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14
Q

assessments to measure acuity

A

Snellen eye chart and tumbling Es
-20ft away from the chart to see sharpness of vision and discernment of forms and shapes
-does NOT detect glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy

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15
Q

assessment to measure retinal health

A

optical coherence tomography that is non-invasive imaging test; records 3d images
-cross sectional images to shoe thickness of retina, evidence of fluid leaks, and monitors treatment

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16
Q

assessment to visualize eyeball and related structures

A

fluorescein angiography where fluorescent dye is injected into bloodstream to highlight the back of the eye
-dilation eye drops then injection
-to see macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy

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17
Q

assessment to measure intraocular pressure

A

air-puff tonometry: commonly used; especially with children
Goldmann tonometry: a small probe that flattens the cornea
-very accurate

18
Q

assessment to measure dilation

A

mydriais causes short term effects such as light sensitivity, blurry vision, and trouble focusing on close objects

19
Q

cataracts

A

lens becomes cloudy causing blurry vision, poor night vision, halo around lights, and diplopia

20
Q

when do cataracts occur

A

in most people by the age of 80

21
Q

who is at risk for cataracts

A

smokers, sunbathers, steroid users, and diabetics

22
Q

what is the treatment for cataracts

A

surgery

23
Q

age related macular degeneration

A

causes loss of central vision, can occur in 1 or both eyes, and has wet and dry (most common) form

24
Q

who is at risk for cataracts

A

it is the leading cause of vision loss for those over 50 and smokers are at risk

25
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

affects the blood vessels of the retina in those with diabetes and causes blurry vision with floating spots or streaks and blindness

26
Q

assessments for diabetic retinopathy

A

dilation and fluorescein angiogram

27
Q

treatment for diabetic retinopathy

A

injections, laser tx, surgery

28
Q

glaucoma

A

loss of peripheral vision due to damage of the optic nerve
-at risk people are over 60, black and lation, and family history
-slow progression of symptoms

29
Q

treatment of glaucoma

A

eye drops, laser, surgery

30
Q

symptoms of glaucoma

A

w/o treatment can lead to blindness, high intraocular pressure

31
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

hereditary, degenerative disease with progressive peripheral vision loss + central vision may be adequate or impaired

32
Q

treatment for retinitis pigmentosa

A

there is no cure but low vision aids and vitamin A might help

33
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness - can see things close

34
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness - can see things far

35
Q

corrective lenses

A

glasses - bifocals
contacts - hard + soft

36
Q

medicine - eyedrops

A

lubricating, antibiotics for infections, corticosteroid

37
Q

glaucoma meds

A

lower fluid in the eye
beta blockers and pills to eye drops

38
Q

ointments

A

for infections and localized external areas

39
Q

laser surgery

A

performed when person is awake, anesthetic drops are used to number eye
-microkeratome used to create flap on corneal surface + sculpting of tissue

40
Q

vitrectomy surgery

A

removes fluid from the eye while eye is numbed
-removes infection blood and floaters
-fluid is replaced with gas, air, or saline solution
-eventually eye is able to make own fluid
-low risk high success

41
Q

LASIK

A

refractive eye surgery using laser for mild to moderate nearsightedness

42
Q
A

HSC3502 Exam 3 (3 decks)

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