Vision Loss & Blindness

Question 1

what is total blindness?

Answer 1

NLP (no light perception); complete loss of form and visual light perception

Question 2

what is blindness?

Answer 2

may be used to describe someone with severe visual impairment (some remaining vision)

Question 3

what is normal vision

Answer 3

20/20

Question 4

what is visual acuity

Answer 4

blind; 20/400

Question 5

what is legally blind

Answer 5

20/200

Question 6

what is visual field

Answer 6

area of vision which can be obtained by keeping head stable and eyes forward

Question 7

what is peripheral vision

Answer 7

corners of your eye, edges of visual field

Question 8

what is central vision

Answer 8

focal part of vision at the center of the eye; ability to see with sharp detail things straight ahead

Question 9

what are pupillary reactions

Answer 9

determines whether there is pupillary constriction when light is present for 3 seconds

Question 10

what is low vision

Answer 10

vision that is not corrected by glasses/lenses ; chronic visual impairment

Question 11

what is accommodation

Answer 11

pupillary convergence; eyes adjusting to light and dark

Question 12

what is nystagmus

Answer 12

eyes moving rapidly and involuntarily

Question 13

strabismus

Answer 13

misalignment of the eyes

Question 14

assessments to measure acuity

Answer 14

Snellen eye chart and tumbling Es
-20ft away from the chart to see sharpness of vision and discernment of forms and shapes
-does NOT detect glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy

Question 15

assessment to measure retinal health

Answer 15

optical coherence tomography that is non-invasive imaging test; records 3d images
-cross sectional images to shoe thickness of retina, evidence of fluid leaks, and monitors treatment

Question 16

assessment to visualize eyeball and related structures

Answer 16

fluorescein angiography where fluorescent dye is injected into bloodstream to highlight the back of the eye
-dilation eye drops then injection
-to see macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy

Question 17

assessment to measure intraocular pressure

Answer 17

air-puff tonometry: commonly used; especially with children
Goldmann tonometry: a small probe that flattens the cornea
-very accurate

Question 18

assessment to measure dilation

Answer 18

mydriais causes short term effects such as light sensitivity, blurry vision, and trouble focusing on close objects

Question 19

cataracts

Answer 19

lens becomes cloudy causing blurry vision, poor night vision, halo around lights, and diplopia

Question 20

when do cataracts occur

Answer 20

in most people by the age of 80

Question 21

who is at risk for cataracts

Answer 21

smokers, sunbathers, steroid users, and diabetics

Question 22

what is the treatment for cataracts

Answer 22

surgery

Question 23

age related macular degeneration

Answer 23

causes loss of central vision, can occur in 1 or both eyes, and has wet and dry (most common) form

Question 24

who is at risk for cataracts

Answer 24

it is the leading cause of vision loss for those over 50 and smokers are at risk

Question 25

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 25

affects the blood vessels of the retina in those with diabetes and causes blurry vision with floating spots or streaks and blindness

Question 26

assessments for diabetic retinopathy

Answer 26

dilation and fluorescein angiogram

Question 27

treatment for diabetic retinopathy

Answer 27

injections, laser tx, surgery

Question 28

glaucoma

Answer 28

loss of peripheral vision due to damage of the optic nerve -at risk people are over 60, black and lation, and family history -slow progression of symptoms

Question 29

treatment of glaucoma

Answer 29

eye drops, laser, surgery

Question 30

symptoms of glaucoma

Answer 30

w/o treatment can lead to blindness, high intraocular pressure

Question 31

retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 31

hereditary, degenerative disease with progressive peripheral vision loss + central vision may be adequate or impaired

Question 32

treatment for retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 32

there is no cure but low vision aids and vitamin A might help

Question 33

myopia

Answer 33

nearsightedness - can see things close

Question 34

hyperopia

Answer 34

farsightedness - can see things far

Question 35

corrective lenses

Answer 35

glasses - bifocals contacts - hard + soft

Question 36

medicine - eyedrops

Answer 36

lubricating, antibiotics for infections, corticosteroid

Question 37

glaucoma meds

Answer 37

lower fluid in the eye beta blockers and pills to eye drops

Question 38

ointments

Answer 38

for infections and localized external areas

Question 39

laser surgery

Answer 39

performed when person is awake, anesthetic drops are used to number eye -microkeratome used to create flap on corneal surface + sculpting of tissue

Question 40

vitrectomy surgery

Answer 40

removes fluid from the eye while eye is numbed -removes infection blood and floaters -fluid is replaced with gas, air, or saline solution -eventually eye is able to make own fluid -low risk high success

Question 41

LASIK

Answer 41

refractive eye surgery using laser for mild to moderate nearsightedness