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NURS 2518 > Vision Loss > Flashcards

Vision Loss Flashcards

1
Q

what is sensation

A
  • ability to perceive stimulation through one’s sensory organs
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2
Q

what is perception

A
  • how one receives, organizes, and interprets sensation
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3
Q

what is sensory perception?

A
  • the ability to receive sensory input and translate the stimulus or data into meaningful info
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4
Q

how does change in vision affect our sensory perception

A
  • significantly decreases
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5
Q

describe the scope of sensory perception

A
  • on a continuum from optimal function to impaired function
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6
Q

which populations are at greatest risk for impaired sensory perception? why? what changes do they experience?

A
  • older adults
  • due to physiological changes that occur with aging
  • experience decline in all 5 senses
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7
Q

what is tactile sensation

A
  • sense of touch
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8
Q

where is tactile sensation most rapidly lost?

A
  • occurs most rapidly in fingertips & feet
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9
Q

why is the loss of tactile sensation important to consider?

A
  • safety risk
  • teach about watching hot surfaces, toe stubs or cutes
  • especially if they have diabetes
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10
Q

what are risk factors for sensory perception loss?

A
  • acute injury
  • chronic medical conditions
  • lifestyle choices & occupation
  • meds
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11
Q

how do antihistamines effect sensation?

A
  • blurred vision

- dry mouth

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12
Q

how do antihypertensives affect sensation

A
  • blurred vision

- taste & smell

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13
Q

how do miotic eye drops affect sensation?

A
  • changes in vision
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14
Q

how do antiseizure meds effect sensation?

A
  • cause numbness in hands & feet
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15
Q

how do diuretics cause changes in sensation?

A
  • hearing loss

- tinnitus

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16
Q

how does chemotherapy affect sensation

A
  • effects taste & smell
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17
Q

how do antibiotics affect sensation

A
  • effect taste, smell, and ototoxicity
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18
Q

what is retinopathy? what does this cause?

A
  • disease of the retina

= impairment or loss in vision

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19
Q

what is a cataract? what effect does this have?

A
  • clouding of the lens

- effects vision, like looking thru a foggy window

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20
Q

what is macular degeneration

A
  • deterioration of the macula (center of the retina)
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21
Q

what is glaucoma

A
  • increased pressure of the eye

= damage to the optic nerve

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22
Q

how does visual field & depth perception change with aging

A
  • reduced visual field
  • slower visual field info
  • diminished depth perception
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23
Q

what are other age-related changes that occur in the eyes?

A
  • loss of accomodation
  • diminished acuity (sharpness of vision)
  • delayed light/dark adaptation
  • altered color vision
  • flicker fusion
24
Q

what is presbyopia?

A
  • loss of your eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects
25
Q

what causes presbyopia?

A
  • lens ages & stiffens

- brings the focal point behind the retina = blurry vision

26
Q

what is the most common reason for decreased sensation-perception in older adults

A
  • presbyopia
27
Q

how do older adults compensate for presbyopia

A
  • may hold newspaper further away from their face
28
Q

how does presbyopia impact the ability to see objects that are similar color?

A
  • will begin to look the same

ex. trouble differentiating between pills

29
Q

how does presbyopia effect glare?

A
  • more sensitive to glare = makes it harder to see

ex. fridge door, driving

30
Q

how does presbyopia affect the ability to go up stairs

A
  • hard to distinguish because they are the same color
  • depth perception impaired = risk of falls
  • can also affect use of toilets
31
Q

how do changes in vision affect everyday living for the older adults?

A
  • difficulty differentiating between pill
  • difficulty going up stairs
  • difficult to see glares
  • risk of falls
32
Q

what are risk factors that can effect eye health

A
  • nutrition
  • smoking
  • meds
  • disease
  • enviro
33
Q

what meds effect eye health

A
  • NSAIDs
  • anticholinergics
  • phenothiazines
  • antihistamines
  • diuretics
  • anticoagulants
34
Q

what do anticoagulants cause

A
  • associated with bleeding of the eyes
35
Q

what chronic conditions are risk factors for impacting eye healt

A
  • dementia
  • parkinson’s
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
36
Q

what are the functional consequences of vision loss in the older adult

A
  • safety –> risk of falls
  • quality of life
  • driving ability
37
Q

what specific age-related vision changes increase risk for falls

A
  • diminished acuity
  • increased sensitivity to glare
  • reduced contrast sensitivity
  • decreased depth perception
38
Q

what are the major types of visual impairment & blindness among older adults

A
  • cataracts
  • macular degeneration
  • glaucoma
  • diabetic retinopathy
39
Q

what is the leading cause of vision impairment? is it reversible?

A
  • cataracts

- is reversible

40
Q

what is a nurses role regarding cataracts?

A
  • important role in educating older adults about cataract surgery
41
Q

what is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

A
  • progressive loss of central vision
42
Q

what does vision look like with AMD?

A
  • get bleeding in the subretinal space = black spotting
43
Q

what is the leading cause of AMD

A
  • sun damage = screen & educate
44
Q

what is the amsler grid

A
  • test for AMD

- uses a grid, if lines are shaded or distorted = AMD

45
Q

what is glaucoma

A
  • group of eye diseases resulting in damage of ganglion cells of optic nerve
  • due to fluid pressure
46
Q

what are signs of glaucoma

A
  • may report poor vision in dim light
  • headaches
  • tired eyes
  • side vision progressively & irreversibly lost
47
Q

how do glaucoma meds work

A
  • decrease fluid produced by the eye

- or increase the fluid that drains out of the eye

48
Q

what are examples of glaucoma meds

A
  • miotics (cholinergic)
  • prostaglandin agonist
  • beta-blockers
  • adrenergic agonists
  • carbonic anahydrase inhibitors
49
Q

what is an example of 2 different meds combined in 1 bottle for glaucoma

A
  • timolol maleate & dorzolamide
50
Q

what is a nurses role in glaucoma

A
  • prep & admin or glaucoma meds
51
Q

what is diabetic retinopathy

A
  • damage to retinal blood vessel from elevated blood glucose
52
Q

when does diabetic retinopathy typically occur

A
  • onset 3-5 years after onset of diabetes (most by 20 years)
53
Q

what type of exam is used to detect diabetic retinopathy

A
  • fundoscopy annually
54
Q

describe care for diabetic retinopathy

A
  • glucose control is focus of care

- laser treatments can reduce vision loss in 50% of patients

55
Q

what are nursing interventions for visual wellness

A
  • assess for risk factors
  • promote healthy eye behaviors
  • offer help for dry eyes
  • modify the enviro
  • low vision aids
  • provide vision friendly teaching material
56
Q

what are some enviro changes to make to accomodate vision

A
  • use bright, nonglaring lighting
  • use contrasting colors at meal times (ex plate diff color than table)
  • pause in doorways when transitioning from light to dark rooms

NURS 2518 (4 decks)

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