Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Vision Loss > Flashcards

Vision Loss Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of vision loss

A 
Cataract
Refractive error
Retinal detachment
Stroke
POAG
Tumour
CRAO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 conditions that affect the central vision

A

ARMD
Diabetic eye disease
Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which factors increase the risk of cataract

A

Smoking
UV radiation
Hyperglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which conditions are associated with cataracts

A 
Trauma
Uveitis
High myopia
Topical medication
Intraocular tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classic Sx of cataract

A

Painless loss of vision
Glare
Change in refraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs of cataract

A

Reduced VA
No red reflex
Cloudy appearance of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Management of cataract

A

Surgical - artificial lens replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can a congenital cataract lead to

A

Amblyopia
Squint
Nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is atropine contraindicated in

A

AACG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common type of glaucoma

A

Primary open angle (~90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal range of IOP

A

10-21 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define POAG

A

Optic nerve damage that has caused a progressive loss in visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 common signs and symptoms of POAG

A

Cupped optic disc
Visual field defect
Normally asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does PACG present

A 
Photophobia
Painful
Reduced VA
Red eye
Cloudy cornea
Pupil - oval, fixed, dilated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of PACG

A

Acetazolamide
Pilocarpine
Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which condition presents with drusen

A

ARMD

17
Q

How is wet ARMD treated

A

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections

18
Q

How does dry ARMD present on fundoscopy

A

Soft drusen and changes in pigmentation (hypo/hyper)

19
Q

Epidemiology of ARMD

A

Age
Caucasian
Women

20
Q

Risk factors of ARMD

A

Age
Smoking
FHx
CVD

21
Q

Symptoms of ARMD

A 
Loss of central vision 
Reduced VA
Loss of contrast sensitivity
Photopsia
Dry - scotoma
Wet - distortion
22
Q

Wet ARMD on fundoscopy

A

Well-demarcated red patches - haemorrhages

Patchy pigmentation

23
Q

Treatment of dry ARMD

A

Lifestyle adjustment

  • counselling
  • smoking cessation
  • visual rehabilitation
24
Q

Complications of myopia

A

Cataract
Retinal detachment
Glaucoma

25
Q

Complications of hyperopia

A

Glaucoma
Squint
Amblyopia

26
Q

Which lenses are used to correct each refractive error

A

Myopia - concave (-)
Hyperopia - convex (+)
Astigmatism - cylindrical

27
Q

Characteristic features of diabetic retinopathy (5)

A 
Microaneurysms
Hard exudates
Flame haemorrhages
Cotton wool spots
Neovascularisation
28
Q

Investigation of diabetic retinopathy

A

Examination and fundoscopy

29
Q

Management of diabetic retinopathy

A

Glycaemic control
Lipid control
Smoking cessation
Laser coagulation

30
Q

What does a dendritic ulcer indicate

A

Infection with HSV-1

Ophthalmology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions