Vision Loss

Question 1

Mild severity of Distance vision impairment is:

Answer 1

Visual acuity equal to or better than 6/18 (0.3)

Question 2

Moderate severity of Distance vision impairment is:

Answer 2

Visual acuity equal to or better than 6/60 (0.1) and worse than 6/18 (0.3)

Question 3

Severe severity of Distance vision impairment is:

Answer 3

Visual acuity equal to or better than 3/60 (0.05) and worse than 6/60 (0.1)

Question 4

Blindness is:

Answer 4

Visual acuity worse than 3/60(0.05)

Question 5

What is sudden acute vision loss?

Answer 5

Vision loss that happens over a period of a few seconds or minutes to a few days

Question 6

Transient vision loss means:

Answer 6

Vision loss lasting less than 24 hours

Question 7

Persistent vision loss means:

Answer 7

Vision loss lasting more than 24 hours

Question 8

What is emmetropia?

Answer 8

Parallel rays of light from a distant object are brought to focus on the retina with the eye at rest (not accommodating).

Normal, healthy eye.

Question 9

Refractive error or Ametropia occurs when parallel rays of light are:

Answer 9

Not brought to a focus on the retina with the eye at rest (not accommodating)

Question 10

The four most common refractive errors are:

Answer 10

1) Myopia (nearsightedness)
2) Hyperopia (farsightedness)
3) Astigmatism
4) Presbyopia

Question 11

What is astigmatism?

Answer 11

Distorted vision

Question 12

What does Presbyopia lead to?

Answer 12

Difficulty in reading or seeing at arm’s length

Question 13

Ocular media include :

Answer 13

1) Precorneal tear film
2) Cornea
3) Aqueous humor
4) Lens
5) Vitreous

Question 14

Layering of white blood cells in the anterior chamber (hypopyon) signifies:

Answer 14

Severe anterior segment inflammation

Question 15

What is the most common cause of hyphema?

Answer 15

Trauma

Question 16

What is the most common cause of reversible vision loss?

Answer 16

Cataract

Question 17

Elevated blood sugar can cause ___, altering the
refractive index

Answer 17

Lens swelling

Question 18

The reduction in vision in vitritis
is directly proportional
to ___.

Answer 18

The amount of blood in the vitreous

Question 19

The most common form of retinal detachment is due to:

Answer 19

A tear or break in the retina

Question 20

Is retinal detachment painful?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

___ is the most common cause of optic nerve disease in younger adults, and __ in older patients.

Answer 21

Optic neuritis; Ischemic optic neuropathy

Question 22

Optic neuritis may be associated with a variety of conditions, most notably ___.

Answer 22

Multiple sclerosis

Question 23

Ischemic optic neuropathy is generally categorized as:

Answer 23

1) Anterior (affecting the optic disc)
2) Posterior (retrobulbar)

Question 24

Signs & symptoms of Ischemic optic neuropathy?

Answer 24

1) Unilateral
2) Sudden
3) Painless vision loss
4) Color desaturation
5) Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
6) Optic disc swelling

Question 25

What is Papilledema?

Answer 25

Bilateral optic disc swelling secondary to increased intracranial pressure

Question 26

Papilledema can lead to:

Answer 26

Transient visual obscurations OR Mild persistent blurred vision

Question 27

Papilledema examination reveals:

Answer 27

Bilateral optic nerve swelling without relative afferent papillary defect

Question 28

What are Visual obscurations?

Answer 28

Transient losses (“graying out”) of vision lasting a few seconds

Question 29

Visual obscurations occur in the context of:

Answer 29

Raised intracranial pressure (ICP)

Question 30

Visual obscurations are exacerbated and relieved by:

Answer 30

Activities known to elevate ICP (coughing, sneezing, bending down, straining at stool) and relieved by their cessation