Vision: eye lab Flashcards
cone-shaped termination of the spinal cord
conus medullaris
what is the ending of the subarachnoid space
blind sac filled with cerebral spinal fluid
thin strand of pia mater that extends from the conus medullaris to the coccyx
filum terminale
sensory cutaneous regions intervated by a single pair of spinal nerves
dermatomes
how we tested normal function of spinal nerve
tuning fork and areas of dermatomes
vibration = good
describe the arrangement of the dura mater in the brain and spinal cord
BRAIN
2 layers
-outer periosteal layer- connects to skull
-meningeal layer
SPINAL CORD
one layer - not attached to vertebrae
-epidural space - adipose tissue for cushion
what is the ventral root associated with
motor
list from highest sensory density to lowest
fingertip
face
arm
leg
- white matter
- gray matter
- dorsal root
- dorsal root ganglion
- spinal nerve
- dorsal ramus
- ventral ramus
- white and gray rami communications
- ventral root
what did touching nose with eyes open and closed and touching fingers with arms extended out assess
coordination
what did putting your right leg on your left shin and sliding it down to the floor and doing a figure 8 pattern assess
coordinated movement and balance
biceps reflex test
tests function of C5 and C6 levels of spinal cord
normal response:
contraction of biceps brachii
flexion of forearm
triceps reflex test
tests function of C7 and C8 levels of spinal cord
normal response:
contraction of triceps brachii muscle
extension of forearm
what do stretch reflexes reduce the risk of
muscle damage from overextension
patellar reflex test
tests function of L2, L3, and L4 levels of spinal cord
normal response:
contraction of quadriceps femoris muscle
extension of leg
ankle jerk (achilles) reflex test
tests function of S1 and S2 levels of spinal cord
normal response:
contraction of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle
plantar flexion
what is the plantar reflex test also known as
negative babinski reflex
babinski test
S1 and S2
to a lesser degree
L4 and L5
normal response:
plantar flexion of foot
not normal:
extension of great toe / spreading or abduction of other toes
what reflex test do babies show badly..why
babinski / plantar reflex test
nerve fibers are not completely myelinated
what does a positive babinski test mean for a child or adult
damage to descending (motor) tracts in spinal cord
What is the primary motor area also called
precentral gyrus
where is the primary motor area located
frontal lobe anterior to central sulcus
function of the primary motor area
initiate all voluntary motor functions
body regions map to correlate cortical region with part of body it controls
motor homunculus
what informs brain to sense movement, action, and location
proprioception
transverse myelitis caused inflammation of spinal cord…how does this effect stretch reflex tests
increased reflexes
spasticity
babinski signs
spinal shock
what structure contracts as a result of a stimulus
a
what structure is located in the CNS, receives sensory impulses and sends out motor impulses
c
what structure delivers nerve impulses to an effector organ
d
what structure responds to a stimulus
e
what structure delivers nerve impulses to the CNS
b
hyperopia
shorter eye shape
focused behind retina
fixed by convex lens (+)
myopia
long, oval eye shape
focus in front of retina
fixed by concave lens (-)
