Vision Flashcards
What is Sensation?
- Raw Input
- Activation of a sensory organ
Refers to the biological processes by which our body transmits information to the brain - how our senses respond to an external stimulus, e.g. light or sound and convert these using sensory receptors (special kinds of neurons). Through this process of transduction, our brains are able to process this incoming information.
Perception refers to the process by which:
The brain organises and interprets sensation.
how our brains make sense of this information (now in the form of neural signals).
What is the correct order from the transmission of visual information?
Rods and cones; bipolar cells; ganglion cells; optic nerve
Sensation is to perception as:
Feeling is to knowing.
What is the Bottom-up schema processing?
That our perception of the world is built from the individual elements of what we are perceiving.
Give an example of Bottom-Up schema processing:
An example of this might be when you are attempting to proof read your assignment before submitting it. To successfully proofread for spelling mistakes and some errors such as misplaced words you need to try to read each letter or word. Your word processing software might help you by underlining words in red so that you can find mishtakes. When you see the red highlighting you know that you need to attend to each letter (which is using bottom-up dominant processing) to find the error
What is top-down schema processing?
When we use our past knowledge, memories, or experiences to guide our perception.
Give an example of top-down schema processing:
An example of this is when you are reading normally and you don’t notice spelling mistakes in the passage of text that you are reading.
What are rods used for?
Allow us to see in dim light
What are cones used for?
Used for bright light and allow us to discriminate color
Binocular vision is important for
Depth perception (vital for may cues for 3d vision) - we have two eyes at the front of our faces, and these two slightly different views of the world allow our brains to perceive depth
What is multimodal perception?
Perception of information from one sense informs how we perceive information from another sense.
An example of multimodal perception?
When you eat an apple then the experience includes the fresh green colour (vision), the satisfying crunch (audition), the sweetness and slight sourness (taste), and the apply flavour (olfaction).
Schemas:
- Organised Knowledge
- Patterns of knowledge and thinking
- Speed up Perceptual processing by guiding expectations and increase fluidity of processing
Three psychological characteristics of sound:
pitch, loudness and timbre.
