Vision

Question 1

What type of muscles are the extraocular muscles and where do they attach

Answer 1

Rectus, sclera

Question 2

Name all the structures the light passes through

Answer 2

cornea, pupil, lens, rertina (fovea centralis)

Question 3

In macula degeneration is the blindness in the centre or periphery

Answer 3

centre

Question 4

what is the name of the membrane covering the sclera

Answer 4

conjuctiva

Question 5

when the cilliary muscles contract, what shape is the lends

Answer 5

fatter

Question 6

what is the function of the choroid

Answer 6

carries blood vessels, maintains photoreceptors

also theh are highly pigmented and contain melain

Question 7

which structure sperates the a and p chambers

Answer 7

iris!

Question 8

what supplies blood to the inner two thirds of the retina

Answer 8

central artery and vein

Question 9

what supplies blood to the outer third of the retina

Answer 9

choroid

Question 10

what supplies nutrients to the ganlion cells

Answer 10

vitreous humour

Question 11

what produces aqueuos humor and where does it drain out

Answer 11

Produced by cilliary body, drained out bu schlemms canal

Question 12

does the aquous humor enter the a or p chamber first

Answer 12

posterior

Question 13

which nerve innervates the intraocular rectus muscles

Answer 13

3

Question 14

where are the lacrimal glands located and what cranial nerve innervates them

Answer 14

top lateral corner, cn 7

Question 15

which cn does somatic senory and which one does special sensory

Answer 15

somatic = 5, special = 2

Question 16

name the structure that supports the outer retina

Answer 16

pigment epithelium

• contains melalin (therefore dark)
• absrobs light and precents scattering of light, maintains photoreceptos metabolically

Question 17

at which point does light become an electical signal, at which point does it become an AP

Answer 17

electical at photorecptors, AP at ganglion cells

Question 18

which nucleus in the midbrain does visual reflexes

Answer 18

superior colliculus

Question 19

which nucleus in that thalamus is involved in vision

Answer 19

lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 20

how is power measured

Answer 20

1/focal length

Question 21

what is the term for when the lens is too strong - and what does it cause

Answer 21

myopia - short signeedness

far point

Question 22

explain hyperopia

Answer 22

lens too weak, longsightedbess

near point

Question 23

what is the term for when the cornea has different focusing powers in its planes

Answer 23

astigmatism

more commonly thicker from side view

Question 24

what type of lens correcrs astogmatism

Answer 24

cylindrical

Question 25

list the steps in transduction

Answer 25

light hits receptir

pigment molecule changes shape

series of reactions

membrane channel blocked

receptor hyperolarises

Question 26

which type of photorecepto is for day vision

Answer 26

cone!

rem: eating an ice cream cone on a beach

Question 27

which cones respond best to low wasvelengths

Answer 27

blue!!

Question 28

do green greens respond best to low, medium or high

Answer 28

medium!

Question 29

which wavelength do red respond to best

Answer 29

longggggg