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Perception and Action 1: Vision > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the initial activation of the nervous system?

A

Sensation

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2
Q

What is the translation of stimulus into patterns of neural activity called?

A

Transduction

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3
Q

What is the construction of a mental representation?

A

Perception

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4
Q

Sensory systems require specialised ________ cells for transduction of the stimuli to neural impulses

A

Receptor

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5
Q

What structure of the eye forms the image that focuses light at on the retina at the back of the eye?

A

Cornea

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6
Q

What structure of the eye adjusts the shape of the image; and can change to focus on near or more distant objects, before focusing light on the retina on the back of the eye?

A

Lens

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7
Q

The _______ receives an inverted image from the cornea and lens, and converts light to electric signals

A

Retina

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8
Q

What nerve transmits electric signals to the brain?

A

Optic

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9
Q

What part of the retina is specialised for vision with fine detail?

A

Fovea

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10
Q

What area of the eye contains no photo receptors?

A

The Blind spot

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11
Q

Name two types of photoreceptors in the eye

A

Rods and Cones

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12
Q

What type of photoreceptor is sensitive to dim light, not colour?

A

Rods

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13
Q

What type of photoreceptor is sensitive to colour, and contains different types of photopigment which determines the colour (ie light wavelengths), to which they are sensitive?

A

Cones

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14
Q

If you are closer to the Fovea, would more cones or rods be predominant?

A

Cones

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15
Q

Towards the periphery of the fovea, you would you find a higher percentage of __________

A

Rods

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16
Q

Do rods or cones require higher light stimulation?

A

Cones

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17
Q

What type of photoreceptor helps us see in low light?

A

Rods

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18
Q

Name the three types of cones: ______, ______, and ______

A

Blue, Red and Green

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19
Q

There are approximately 260,000,000 _____________ cells, in comparison to 2,000,000 _________ cells in the eye

A

Photoreceptor, Ganglion

20
Q

From the retina, information is transferred on via the ________ nerve

A

Optic

21
Q

Optic nerve fibers cross at the optic _________

A

Chiasm

22
Q

The left visual hemifield is “viewed” by the ________ hemisphere

A

Right (and vice versa)

23
Q

Between the optic nerve and the primary visual cortex, where does information travel through?

A

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), which is part of the thalamus

24
Q

Name the Brodmann’s area in which you would find the Primary Visual Cortex

A

BA 17, or V1, or Striate Cortex

25
Q

A neuron will only respond to a stimulus, if it occurs in that neurons ________ ________

A

Receptive Field

26
Q

Near what fissure would you find the Primary Visual Cortex?

A

Calcarine Fissure

27
Q

The __________ of a visual stimulus in the receptive field will influence the degree of cell discharge (and if it discharges at all)

A

Orientation

28
Q

The Hierarchical Coding Hypothesis suggests that regions are successively sensitive to more _______ feature combinations

A

Complex

29
Q

There are two cortical pathways in the Visual system, one enables the brain to locate ________ an object is, and the other enables the brain to locate ________ the object is

A

Where, What

30
Q

The “Where” pathway can be found in the _________ are of the brain

A

Dorsal

31
Q

The “What” pathway can be found in the _________ area of the brain

A

Ventral

32
Q

In the hierarchical organisation, when the complexity increases, the receptive field size _______ and increases in ________

A

Increases, Latency

33
Q

__________ is the initial activation of the nervous system

A

Sensation

34
Q

Photoreceptors contain _____________, protein molecules sensitive to light

A

Photopigments

35
Q

Blue coloured cones respond to _________ wavelengths

A

Shorter

36
Q

Green coloured cones respond to ________

A

Medium

37
Q

Red coloured cones respond to ________ wavelengths

A

Longer

38
Q

White light activates all three cone receptors because it contains all __________

A

wavelengths

39
Q

The _________ pathway contains more than 90% if the axons in the optic nerve

A

Retinogeniculate

40
Q

The ____________ pathway is the projection from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus

A

Retinogeniculate

41
Q

The LGN is made up of how many layers?

A

Six

42
Q

The _______ Ganglion cell projects to the bottom two layers of the LGN, while the ________ Ganglion cell projects to the top for layers of the LGN

A

M, P

43
Q

The Superior Colliculus and Pulvinar Nucleus play a large role in Visual ________

A

Attention

44
Q

Light reflected off an object to the right of someone’s gaze will activate photoreceptors on the medial, or nasal, side of the _________ retina, and the lateral, or temporal side of the __________ retina

A

Right, Left

45
Q

The receptive fields of cells in the LGN are _________ shape

A

Circular

46
Q

LGN cells are ideal for signalling changes in __________

A

Illumination

Perception and Action 1: Vision (2 decks)

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