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Biological Psychology > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

The radiatin emitted in the form of energy waves

A

Wavelength

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2
Q

The height of a wave; it is the source of the subjective experience of brightness

A

Amplitude

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3
Q

Individual, indivisible, very small particles that form waves of electromagnetic energy

A

Photons

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4
Q

A unit of measurement equaling 10 to the power of negative 9m used to measure wave frequency

A

Nanometer

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5
Q

The ability to retain something rather than reflect or transmit it to another location

A

Absorption

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6
Q

The bending back of light toward its source

A

Reflection

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7
Q

Is the deflaction or changing of sirection of a light at a boundary such as that between air and water

A

Refracton

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8
Q

The bony opening in the skull that houses the eyeball

A

Orbit

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9
Q

Rapid clising of the eys

A

Blink

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10
Q

The white outer covering of the eye

A

Sclera

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11
Q

The transparent outer layer of the eye

A

Cornea

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12
Q

The area of eye located directly behind the cornea, containing aqueous humor.

A

Anterior chamber

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13
Q

The fluid located in the anterior chamber that nourishes the cornea and lens

A

Aqueous humor

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14
Q

The opening in the front of the eye that controls the opening of the pupil

A

Iris

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15
Q

The clear structure behind the pupil and iris that focus light on the retina

A

Lens

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16
Q

The ability of three lens to change shape to adjust to the didtance of the visual stimulus

A

Accommodation

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17
Q

The large inner cavity of the eyeball

A

Vitreous chamber

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18
Q

The jellylike substance contained by the vitreous chamber

A

Vitreous humor

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19
Q

The elaborate network of photoreceptors and interneurons at the back of the eye that us responsible for sensing light

A

Retina

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20
Q

Specialized sensory cell in the retina that responds to light

A

Photoreceptors

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21
Q

The fiber pathway formed by the axons of the ganglion cells as they leave the eye

A

Optic nerve

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22
Q

The area in the retina where blood vessels and the optic nerve exit the eye

A

Optic disk

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23
Q

The area in the retina where blood vessels and the optic nerve leave the eye

A

Optic nerve

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24
Q

A 6mm round are in the retina that is nit covered by blood vessels and that is specialized for detailed version

A

Macula

25
Q

The ability to perceive visual stimuli focused on the macular of the retina

A

Central vision

26
Q

Ability to perceive visual stimuli that are off to the side while looking straight ahead

A

Peripheral vision

27
Q

A small pit in the macula specialized for detailed vision

A

Fovea

28
Q

The pigmented layer of cells supporting the photoreceptors of the retina

A

Epithelium

29
Q

The layer of rertinal interneurons farthest from the photoreceptirs, which contains ganglion cells and gives rise to the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cell layer

30
Q

The location in the retina containing axons and dendrites that connect ganglion, bipolar and amacrine cells

A

Inner plexiform layer

31
Q

A cell in the inner nuclear layer if the retina that forms part of the straight pathway between the photoreceptors and the ganglion cells

A

Bipolar cell

32
Q

The layer in the retinal interneurons containing amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells

A

Inner nuclear layer

33
Q

The retinal layer containing axons and dendrites forming connections between bipolar cells, horizontal. Dlls and the photreceptors

A

Outer plexiform layer

34
Q

A retinal interneuron located in the inner nuclear layer that integrates signals from across the surface of the retina

A

Horizontal cell

35
Q

The location in the retina containing cell bodies of the photoreceptors

A

Outer nuclear area

36
Q

A photoreceptors that responds to low levels of light but not to colof

A

Rod

37
Q

A photoreceptor that operates in bright conditions and responds differently to color

A

Cone

38
Q

The portion of a photoreceptor containing photopegments

A

Outer segment

39
Q

A pigment contained in the photoreceptors of the eye that absorbs light

A

Scotopic vision

40
Q

The photopogment found in rods

A

Rhodospin

41
Q

The ability to perceive visual stimuli under bright light conditions due to the activity of cones

A

Photopic vision

42
Q

The process of translating a physical stimulus inti neural signals

A

Transduction

43
Q

A protein found in photopigments

A

Opsin

44
Q

A chemical contained in rhodopsin that interacts with absorbed light

A

Retinal

45
Q

The form taken by retinal after light is absorbed by the rod outer segment

A

All-trans

46
Q

The steady depolarization maintained by photoreceptors when no light is present

A

Dark current

47
Q

A second messenger within photoreceptor that is responsible for maintaining the dark current by opening sodium channel

A

Cyclic guanoise monophosphate

48
Q

A location on the retina which light affects the activity of a particulae visual interneuron

A

Receptive field

49
Q

The process in which active cells limit the activity of neighboring less active cells

A

Lateral inhibition

50
Q

Retinal ganglion cell that is small and responds to high and contrast and color

A

P cell

51
Q

Large ganglion cell that reponds to all wavelength regardless of color, subtle differences in contrast and stimuli that come and go rapidly

A

M cell

52
Q

A small percentage of ganglion cells that do not fit the criteria for p or m cells exactly and respond to blue and yellow light

A

K cells

53
Q

The area of the base of the brain where the optic nerve cross to form the optic tracts

A

Otic chiasm

54
Q

Fiber pathways between the optic chiasm anx destination in the forebrain

A

Optic tracts

55
Q

A structure in the tectrum of three midbrain that guides movement of the eyes and head

A

Superior colliculus

56
Q

The nucleus within the thalamus that receives input from the optic tract

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

57
Q

Two ventral layers of the lgn that receives input from M cells in the ganglion layer of the retina

A

Magnocellular layers

58
Q

4 dorsal lagers of the lgn that received input from P cells in the ganglion layer of the retina

A

Parvocellular layers

Biological Psychology (1 decks)

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