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Meteorology > Visibility > Flashcards

Visibility Flashcards

1
Q

TEM.

A

TO/Approach minima
Possible diversion
Taxing
LVO/LVP
CFIT

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2
Q

Visibility definition?

A

Transparency of the atmosphere.
First defined as a quantity to be estimated by a human observer.

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3
Q

Meteorological optical range definition?

A

Length of path in the atmosphere required to reduce the luminous flat in a collimated beam from an incandescent lamp, at a colour temperature of 2700K, to 5% of its original value.

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4
Q

Meteorological visibility definition?

A

Greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions located on the ground can be seen and recognised when observed against the horizon.

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5
Q

VFR operating minima?

A

1000ft vertically clear of cloud.
1.5km horizontally clear of cloud.
>5km of visibility.

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6
Q

What are non-atmospheric causes of poor visibility?

A

Glare, contamination, scratches, uv damage.

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7
Q

What are atmospheric causes of poor visibility?

A

Water droplets, ice crystals, smoke, chemically pollutants, volcanic ash.

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8
Q

The visibility is between 1km-5km, what are the possible conditions?

A

Mist, haze, smoke, widespread dust, sand

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9
Q

The visibility is less than 1km, what is the condition?

A

Fog.

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10
Q

What are the 5 fog classifications?

A

Radiation fog, advection fog, evaporation/steam fog/artic smoke, frontal fog, hill/up slope fog.

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11
Q

What is a nocturnal temperature inversion?

A

Ideal condition for radiation fog to form.
High relative humidity.
Light winds (2-8kts)
Clear skies.

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12
Q

What is radiation fog?
How does it form?

A

Occurs at night when the surface cools.
Air near surface cools and reaches dew point.
Water vapour condenses creating fog.
Formed the radiative cooling.

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13
Q

How is radiation fog dispersed?

A

Clear in early morning due to temperature increasing above dewpoint

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14
Q

What is advection fog?

A

Warmer air moving over cold surface, condenses and causes fog.

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15
Q

What is steam fog/arctic fog/sea smoke?

A

Cold dry air lies over warmer, moist surface.
When it evaporates it condenses into fog.

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16
Q

What is frontal fog?

A

Warm front rises over cloud, pushing it lower/creating condensation and formation of fog.

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17
Q

What is orographic fog?

A

Moist Air is forced to rise over terrain, then cools and condenses into fog.

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18
Q

What is Ice fog?

A

When the temperature is below -35 degrees.

19
Q

What is freezing fog?

A

Fog at a temperature below freezing.
Does not normally last in liquid form (SCWD).
These freezing droplets freeze on contact with a cold surface.

20
Q

What is shallow fog and mist (MIFG)?

A

If the Fog (FG) or mist (BR) is less than 2m in depth it is defined as shallow (Mi).
Prevailing visibility is measured above MIFG, so visibility may be +1000m.

21
Q

What are patches of fog (BCFG)?

A

Fog is occurring in random patches. If part of an airport is covered it is called partial fog (PRFG).

22
Q

What is the visibility in high level cloud?

A

1000m +

23
Q

What is the visibility In middle level cloud?

A

10m-1000m

24
Q

What is the visibility in low level cloud?

A

10m-30m

25
Q

What is haze?

A

Suspension of small dry particles in the air. Created from high pressure.

26
Q

What is smoke?

A

Suspension of small particles from combustion.

27
Q

What is dust haze?

A

Suspension in the air of dust or sand particles.

28
Q

How can visibility recedes to less than 5000m besides condensation?

A

Haze
Smoke
Suspended sand, 0.08mm to 0.3mm
Dust

29
Q

What winds do sand and dust storms require?

A

15kts +

30
Q

What altitudes can sand and dust storms reach?

A

Dust - 15,000ft
Sand - only a few hundred feet

31
Q

What is dust storm visibility?

A

Heavy - <200m, sky obscured
Moderate - 200m to 600m, sky not obscured

32
Q

What is oblique visibility?

A

If you fly over an airport, it may look clear.
If you approach the airport, there is poor visibility due to you looking through multiple layers of particles.

33
Q

What is prevailing visibility?

A

Visibility observed within at least half the horizon.
Meteorological visibility maybe be more (maximum).
There can also be small areas with reduced visibility.
Measured in km.

34
Q

What the visibility increments?

A

0-800m = 50m increments
800m-5km = 100m increments
5km-10km = 1km increment ps
10km + =10km increments

35
Q

Where is visibility reported in statute miles?

A

USA

36
Q

What is runway visual range?

A

Range where pilot on centre line can see the runway clearly.

37
Q

When is RVR reported?

A

When prevailing visibility/RVR is below 1500m

38
Q

For low visibility, at what points in the runway are sensors placed?
And at what height?

A

Threshold, mid point, end
2.5m above runway level within 120m

39
Q

What letter is denoted when visibility is greater than 1500m?

A

P

40
Q

What does R24R/P1500 mean?

A

Runway 24 Right, RVR greater than 1500m.

41
Q

What letters are denoted for a significant trend?

A

U - Upward
D - downwards
N - neutral trend
Shows whether RVR is getting better or worse
Updated everyone 10mins on the metar

42
Q

What is vertical visibility?

A

When sky is obscured due to a surface based phenomen, VV is reported.
VV is also considered a ceiling.

43
Q

Regarding RVR, what does V mean?

A

Variable

Meteorology (15 decks)

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