Virusuri- definitie, morfologie, replicare Flashcards

1
Q

Definitia

A

Entitati infectioase, acelulare, strict parazite intracelulare, de natura nucleoproteica, care contin ADN SAU ARN, fara metablism propriu, care produc boli generalizate sistematice transmisibile numite viroze. Sunt alcatuiti din acizi nucleici si proteine.
In functie de acidul nucleic pe care il contin, virusurile pot fi:
-Dezoxiriboruvirusuri(adn)
-ribovirusuri(arn)
-Retrovirusuri( cu genom Arn pe care enzima’‘revers transcripteaza’’ il transforma in ADN.

Virusul matur se numeste VIRION, si este alcatuin din genom(Adn sau arn), proteine si peplos

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2
Q

Ce caracteristici le diferentiaza de celelalte microrganisme

A

-dimensiuni reduse
-genom cu un singur acid nucleic
-dependente total de celulele vii(pro sau euca)
pentru replicare si existenta.

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3
Q

Ce dimensiuni au?

A

20-30 nm pana la 300nm

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4
Q

Ce forma au virionii?

A

sferica, paralelipipedica, cartus, spermatozoid, bastonas

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5
Q

Structura de baza a virusurilor

A

1.Nucleocapsida
-genomul viral(Acizi nucleici)

-capsida( proteine- subunitati capsomere)
SIMETRIE CAPSIDA: tubulara( are arn)
sferica(Cu adn)

-PEPLOS: spiculi(natura glicoproteica)
Hemoglutina(ha)= cu rol de atasare celula gazda
Neuraminidaza(N)=faciliteaza patrunderea in celula.
Factori de fuzine=initiaza infectia
proteina matrix(m)=captuseaza fata interna a anvelopei.

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6
Q

Etapele de replicare

A

1.Recunoastere celula gazda
2. Adbsortia(Atasare) de celula
3.Penetrare celula gazda
4.Decapsidarea virusului
5.Sinteza macromoleculelor
6.Eliberarea virionilor progeni din celula gazda

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