Viruses Bacteria And Archaea

Question 1

Can bacteria swim? Why?

Answer 1

No because the sea is too viscous

Question 2

Name 7 facts about Marne viruses

Answer 2

1. Polyphyletic
2. Non-living
3. Abundant
4. Phases
5. Influence metabolism
6. Influence biochemical cycles
7. Involved in lateral gene transfer

Question 3

Name the 7 parts of a bacteriophage

Answer 3

Capsid head (not injected into host)
Nucleic acid DNA
Collar
Sheath
Baseplate
Spikes (pierces host)
Tail fiber

Question 4

Describe the 4 stages of viral replication

Answer 4

1. Virus attaches to cell and injects DNA
2. Viral DNA takes over proteinsynthesis
3. New viruses are made
4. The cell breaks open and releases viruses

Question 5

What’s different about archaea compared to bacteria?

Answer 5

Different molecular organisation

Live in extreme environments

Question 6

What unusual requirement do archaea have?

Answer 6

They need a lot of soulful

Question 7

Name the twin important types of bacteria

Answer 7

Cyanobacteria

Proteobacteria

Question 8

Name 4 facts about SAR11

Answer 8

Sensors detect nitrogen phosphorus and iron

Most abundant bacteria on earth

Like low nutrient areas

Live in top 300m of oceans

Question 9

What 2 things do proteobacteria do?

Answer 9

Help carbon cycle

Decompose organic carbon from particles and dissolved materials

Question 10

Which prokaryotes make oxygen

Answer 10

Photosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 11

What pigments do cyanobacteria contain?

Answer 11

Chlorophyll and phycoerythrin and phycocyanin

Question 12

What do Cyanobacteria Bactria contain that helps them fix nitrogen

Answer 12

Heterocysts

Question 13

Name two types of Cyanobacteria

Answer 13

Prochlorococcus

Synechococcus

Question 14

What is the most abundant phososynthetic organism on eart?

Answer 14

Prochlorococcus

Question 15

What pigments does prochlorococcus contain/not contain and why?

Answer 15

Doesn’t contain chlorophyll a but does contain chlorophyll a1 and b1 this is because this reduces its nitrogen intake.

Question 16

Why is prochlorococcus useful?

Answer 16

It fixes50% of carbon in the ocean and makes 13-48% of the oxygen in the ocean.

Question 17

What pigments does synechococcus contain?

Answer 17

Chlorophyll
Phycobilliproteins
Zeaxanthin

Question 18

What does zeazanthin do to help synechococcus?

Answer 18

It is organic and acts as a sunscreen

Question 19

How does synechococcus move?

Answer 19

It’s motile and uses a gliding method as it has no flagella