Viruses and the FLU Flashcards
Name a virus that is transmitted through the skin via trauma?
Human papiloma virus → warts.
Name viruses that are transmitted through the skin via insects?
Dengue fever → a type of Flavivirus,
yellow fever → a type of Flavivirus,
West Nile disease → a type of Flavivirus
Zika virus → a type of Flavivirus
Name viruses that are transmitted through the skin via needle stick injury?
HIV → Human immunodeficiency virus: Lentivirus
Hep B → Hepatitis B virus
Hep C → Hepatitis C virus
Name a virus that is transmitted through the skin via an animal bite?
Rabies → a neurotropic virus
Name a virus that is transmitted via the mucus membranes of the genitles?
HSV → Herpes simplex virus
HIV → Human immunosuppresant virus
CMV → Cytomegalovirus (herpes family)
Name a virus that is transmitted via the mucus membranes of the respiratory tract?
FLU → Influenza virus
Measles virus
Chickenpox → Vricella zoster virus. also causes shingles.
Mumps → Rubulavirus
Epstein-barr virus → mono/galandular fever
Coronavirus → MERS (middle eastern respiratory syndrome)
Name a virus that is transmitted via the mucus membranes of the GI tract?
Hep A → hepatitis A virus
Polio virus → poliomyelitis
Rotaviruses
Name a virus that is transmitted via the mucus membranes of the eye?
HSV → herpes simplex virus
Adenoviruses → conjunctivitis
Name a virus that is spread via the feacle oral route?
Norovirus → nothing stays in me.
Viruses affecting the upper respiratory tract (oro and naso-pharynx) causing Rhinitis, Pharyngitis and Laryngitis?
Rhinovirus Coronavirus Parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus Influenza Virus Adenovirus Herpes simplex virus Epstein-Barr virus
Viruses affecting the lower respiratory tract causing tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Bronchopneumonia
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Influenza Virus
Adenovirus
What is the “achiles heel” of the gut called?
Peyers patches and colonic lymphoid aggregations. Viruses enter and are taken up by leukocytes and then spread throughout the body via lymphatic dainage.
give 2 examples of a localised viral infection?
Flu and Warts.
Give 2 examples of systemic viral infection?
polio and Hep B
In a flu virus H5N1, what do the “H” and the “N” stand for?
haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
name 5 types patterns of viral infection?
Acute, Chronic, latent, Subclinical and insidious
What do viruses do to a human host?
Viruses invade cells. They do this in order to replicate. they take cells over and turn them into virus factories.
When we are sick with a virus what causes our symptoms?
t-cell mediated response.
What is used to treat the herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses?
Aciclovir - most effective in early symptoms.
What is used to treat CMV (cytomegalovirus)?
Ganciclovir
What are the 2 types of viruses?
naked viruses and enveloped viruses
What are the 3 types of neucloplasmid symmetry?
Icosahedral, helical and complex
What are 3 examples of an icosahedral Virus?
HSV, Polio and Parvo virus
What are 2 examples of helical viruses?
HIV and measles.
What is an example of a complex virus?
Influenza
What is the viral life cycle, How many steps does it have and what are they?
- Attachment/
- Penetration/Uncoating
- Transcritption/translation
- Genome replication
- Assembly/maturation
- release
What are the 3 routes of viral penetration into a cell?
- Viral translocation → only occurs with naked viruses
- surface fusion → enveloped viruses only
- receptor mediated endocytosis → most common form of viral entry to a cell
What is the method of action of effective antivirals?
Neuraminidase inhibitors.
