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microbiology 1 > viruses and prions > Flashcards

viruses and prions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

in what way are viruses metabolically inert?

A

they do not posses ribosomes

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2
Q

what is the name for a complete virus particle?

A

virion

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3
Q

what does a viral envelope consist of?

A

lipid membrane

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4
Q

do all viruses contain an envelope?

A

no

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5
Q

what is a viral capsid?

A

protein shell protecting nucleic acid

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6
Q

what are the protein units that make up a capsid called?

A

capsomer

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7
Q

what is the viral genome?

A

RNA or DNA

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8
Q

how may viruses be transmitted?

A

inhalation via respiratory tract, ingestion via GIT, inoculation, congenitally, sexually

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9
Q

give an example of a virus transmitted via inhalation

A

influenza

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10
Q

give an example of a virus transmitted via ingestion

A

Hep A

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11
Q

give an example of a virus transmitted via inoculation

A

Hep B

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12
Q

give an example of a virus transmitted congenitally

A

Herpes

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13
Q

give an example of a virus transmitted sexually

A

HIV

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14
Q

give an example of a virus affecting the nervous system

A

rabies

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15
Q

give an example of a virus affecting the respiratory tract

A

influenza

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16
Q

give an example of a virus affecting skin or mucous membranes

A

herpes

17
Q

give an example of a virus affecting the eyes

A

ocular herpes

18
Q

give an example of a virus affecting the liver

A

hepatitis

19
Q

give an example of a virus affecting salivary glands

A

HIV-SGD

20
Q

give an example of a virus affecting the GIT

A

norovirus

21
Q

what effects may a virus have on the host cell?

A

cytopathic effect - cell death
transformation - to cancerous cell
latent infection - no effect on cell function

22
Q

name the steps of viral replication

A

attachment, penetration, uncaring, synthesis of viral components, assembly, release

23
Q

what occurs during the attachment phase of viral replication?

A

Virus attaches to host cell membrane and injects DNA/RNA into host - initiating infection

24
Q

what occurs during the penetration phase of viral replication?

A

cell membrane enfolds around virus, enclosing it into a vacuole. protecting the cell from antibodies

25
Q

what occurs during the uncoating phase of viral replication?

A

cell lysozyme strip off virus protein coat, releasing viral genome

26
Q

what occurs during the synthesis of viral components phase of viral replication?

A

virus takes advantage of cell structures to replicate itself

27
Q

what occurs during the assembly phase of viral replication?

A

newly synthesised genome and proteins are assembled to form new virus particles

28
Q

what occurs during the release phase of viral replication?

A

viruses are released from host cell by sudden rupture or gradual extrusion through host membrane

29
Q

what virus causes herpes

A

herpes simplex virus

30
Q

what does oral herpes cause

A

sore throat and small blisters called cold sores

31
Q

what is the abbreviated name for oral-facial herpes simplex virus?

A

HSV-1

32
Q

how does the herpes virus reoccur in the form of a coldsore?

A

once initial infection has receded, the virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve

33
Q

name the 3 types of influenza

A

a,b and c

34
Q

name the 2 glycoproteins on the surface of the influenza virus

A

haemagglutinin (HA), neuroaminidase

35
Q

what is the differences between antigenic drift and antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

A

drift - minor changes, epidemics, a,b and c

shift - major changes, pandemic, only a

36
Q

how is herpes tested?

A

antibody gig test, DNA detection

37
Q

what causes CJD?

A

abnormal infectious proteins called prions

38
Q

do prions contain DNA or RNA?

A

no

39
Q

why is CJD untreatable?

A

prions cannot be destroyed by heat or radiation and there is no medication or treatment for them

microbiology 1 (2 decks)

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