Viruses and other delights

Question 1

Three major viruses..what are they?

Answer 1

Hepatitis A (non-enveloped virus)
Norovirus (non-enveloped virus)
Rotavirus (non-enveloped virus)

Question 2

What is general features of viral foodborne illness?

Answer 2

only takes a couple particles to produce illness

Question 3

Can viruses replicate in food?

Answer 3

NO not water etiehr, need specific living cells in order to replicate.

Question 4

Can a foodborne virus live outside the host?

Answer 4

YES, and are acid resistant.

Question 5

What is symptoms of Hepatitis A?

Answer 5

fever, anorexia, dark urine. Lasts less than 2 months.

Question 6

What are symptoms of norovorius?

Answer 6

Diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, muscle pain. resolves within 2 days.

Question 7

What are symptoms of rotovirus

Answer 7

Fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration.

Question 8

How to get a foodborne illness?

Answer 8

contaminated water and contaminated humans.

Question 9

How to control a virus?

Answer 9

1 PREVENT contamination. 
- however pple can be asymptomatic
2. thermal processes. 
UHT inactivates 10^3 virus particles. 
- Relatively reistant to 60C
3. Sanitation.
1000ppm chlorine.

Question 10

Parasites..can they multiply in food?

Answer 10

NO.

Question 11

What is Giardia lamblia

Answer 11

Beaver fever! protozoan (both humans and animals).
Waterborne,
foodborne= poor hygiene.

Question 12

How is Giardia lamblia transferred?

Answer 12

In faeces.

1. Encystment
2. Faeces
3. Oral uptake
4. excstyment
5. intestinal villi attachment.

Question 13

What is the dose of Giardia lamblia needed to get sick?

Answer 13

1 cyst. diarrhea for 1-2 weeks, chronic infections.

Question 14

How do you get Cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 14

Fecal--> oral. 
contamianted rinking water. 
raw or undercooked coods. 
contaminated with oocysts. 
easily affects populations via water.

Question 15

How to control Cryptosporidum parvum?

Answer 15

Hygiene, water treatment, avoid unknown sources, freezing or cooking foods.
- Chlorine is ineffective.

Question 16

What are symptoms of Cyrptosporidum parvum?

Answer 16

onset 5-21 ays,
severe diarrhea, headache, cramps, vomitting. fever.
no treatment, treat symptoms.

Question 17

Where would you get Cyclospora cayetanensis?

Answer 17

worldwide.
water, person–> food
food implicated.

Question 18

What are symptoms of Cyclospora cayetanensis?

Answer 18

onset 2-11 days. severe diarrhea, weight loss, cramps, muscle aches.
Treat symptoms.

Question 19

How to control Cyclospora cayetanensis?

Answer 19

avoid contaminated foods,
wash fruit and veggies.
heat foods.

Question 20

What is Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 20

oligate intracellualar parasite.

no host specificty. and infects all mammals and all tissues in them.

Question 21

What is the source of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 21

cat feces, wilk animals, raw wild meats, unpasteurized airy products, water

Question 22

How does the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii occur in kitties?

Answer 22

1. Bradyzoites or sporozoites from the oocyst penetrate the cells of the small intestine.
2. the Parasite undergoes sexual and asexual reproduction and oocyst are produced.
3. Oocyts are passed in the kitties feces.
4. Oocysts become infective in 24hrs.
5. the host is infected by ingesting oocysts.

Question 23

How do we control Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 23

Proper care of cats, cooking meats, food prservation- salting, cooking, curing.

Question 24

What are symptoms of Toxoplasam gondii?

Answer 24

asymptomatic (milkd)

death in immunocompromised. and severe illness in fetus.

Question 25

Trichinella spiralis aka roundworms

Answer 25

Found in foodborne- undercooked meats.

dose is 1 larvae

Question 26

How to control Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 26

Heat at > 59C

and some spp. cna be froze

Question 27

What are symptosm of Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 27

1-2days nausea, diarrhea, fever.

2-8 weeks headaches, ever, eye swelling, muscle pain, itchy skin.

Question 28

What spp. of Trichinella cannot be froze?

Answer 28

T. nativa