Viruses and other delights Flashcards
Three major viruses..what are they?
Hepatitis A (non-enveloped virus)
Norovirus (non-enveloped virus)
Rotavirus (non-enveloped virus)
What is general features of viral foodborne illness?
only takes a couple particles to produce illness
Can viruses replicate in food?
NO not water etiehr, need specific living cells in order to replicate.
Can a foodborne virus live outside the host?
YES, and are acid resistant.
What is symptoms of Hepatitis A?
fever, anorexia, dark urine. Lasts less than 2 months.
What are symptoms of norovorius?
Diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, muscle pain. resolves within 2 days.
What are symptoms of rotovirus
Fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration.
How to get a foodborne illness?
contaminated water and contaminated humans.
How to control a virus?
1 PREVENT contamination. - however pple can be asymptomatic 2. thermal processes. UHT inactivates 10^3 virus particles. - Relatively reistant to 60C 3. Sanitation. 1000ppm chlorine.
Parasites..can they multiply in food?
NO.
What is Giardia lamblia
Beaver fever! protozoan (both humans and animals).
Waterborne,
foodborne= poor hygiene.
How is Giardia lamblia transferred?
In faeces.
- Encystment
- Faeces
- Oral uptake
- excstyment
- intestinal villi attachment.
What is the dose of Giardia lamblia needed to get sick?
1 cyst. diarrhea for 1-2 weeks, chronic infections.
How do you get Cryptosporidium parvum?
Fecal--> oral. contamianted rinking water. raw or undercooked coods. contaminated with oocysts. easily affects populations via water.
How to control Cryptosporidum parvum?
Hygiene, water treatment, avoid unknown sources, freezing or cooking foods.
- Chlorine is ineffective.
What are symptoms of Cyrptosporidum parvum?
onset 5-21 ays,
severe diarrhea, headache, cramps, vomitting. fever.
no treatment, treat symptoms.
Where would you get Cyclospora cayetanensis?
worldwide.
water, person–> food
food implicated.
What are symptoms of Cyclospora cayetanensis?
onset 2-11 days. severe diarrhea, weight loss, cramps, muscle aches.
Treat symptoms.
How to control Cyclospora cayetanensis?
avoid contaminated foods,
wash fruit and veggies.
heat foods.
What is Toxoplasma gondii?
oligate intracellualar parasite.
no host specificty. and infects all mammals and all tissues in them.
What is the source of Toxoplasma gondii?
cat feces, wilk animals, raw wild meats, unpasteurized airy products, water
How does the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii occur in kitties?
- Bradyzoites or sporozoites from the oocyst penetrate the cells of the small intestine.
- the Parasite undergoes sexual and asexual reproduction and oocyst are produced.
- Oocyts are passed in the kitties feces.
- Oocysts become infective in 24hrs.
- the host is infected by ingesting oocysts.
How do we control Toxoplasma gondii?
Proper care of cats, cooking meats, food prservation- salting, cooking, curing.
What are symptoms of Toxoplasam gondii?
asymptomatic (milkd)
death in immunocompromised. and severe illness in fetus.
Trichinella spiralis aka roundworms
Found in foodborne- undercooked meats.
dose is 1 larvae
How to control Trichinella spiralis?
Heat at > 59C
and some spp. cna be froze
What are symptosm of Trichinella spiralis?
1-2days nausea, diarrhea, fever.
2-8 weeks headaches, ever, eye swelling, muscle pain, itchy skin.
What spp. of Trichinella cannot be froze?
T. nativa
