Viruses and Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Are viruses living or non-living?

A

Non-living

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2
Q

A virus is

A

a collection of virons.

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3
Q

Most viruses require

A

a specific host.

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4
Q

Viruses are made of

A

protein capsids & DNA or RNA strands.

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5
Q

Viruses are classified by structure:

A
\+dsDNA 
\+ssDNA
\+dsRNA
\+ssRNA
\+naked or enveloped
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6
Q

Viral Replication

A

Lytic & Lysogenic

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7
Q

Lytic Replication:

A

> VIral DNA/RNA enters cell
Host cell produces coded proteins & DNA/RNA
Host cell Lyses (bursts)
New viral particles released into organism

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8
Q

Lysogenic Replication:

A

> Viral DNA/RNA enters cell
Viral DNA/RNA combines with host chromosomes
Host cell replicates normally, but with new coding for new virus
Eventually will enter lytic cycle

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9
Q

Viroids

A

specific to plants; short circular RNA; No protein coat; about 33 identified

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10
Q

Prions

A

affect nervous system of animals; proteinaeous infectious particle; not sure of replication; induces proteins misfolds; harder to de-nature than nucleic acids; mad-cow disease.

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11
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization; United Nations

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12
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention; based in Atlanta, GA

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13
Q

Virulent

A

automatically replicate in lytic cycle

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14
Q

Latent

A

hidden in the lysogenic cycle for a while

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15
Q

Temperate

A

viruses in between

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16
Q

Vaccine

A

exposure to virus to build immunity

17
Q

Retrovirus

A

RNA virus introduces codes for DNA (reverse of normal cells); WBC are hosts for HIV

18
Q

Parvovirus

A

ssDNA; Naked type; parvo in canines – feline panleukophenia.

19
Q

Papovirus

A

dsDNA; naked type; warts, human papilloma virus

20
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

ssRNA; enveloped type; rabies; lettuce necrotic yellow virus

21
Q

General Prokaryote Structures

A

Cytoplasm……Nucleoid
Cell Wall……..Capsule
Ribosomes…..Cytoplasmic Membrane
Pili……………..Flagella

22
Q

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually:

A
Binary Fission
     doubles & splits
Recombination
     Conjugation
     Transformation
     Transduction
     Transportation
23
Q

Prokaryotes are found in every environment EXCEPT

A

a sterile one.

24
Q

Bacteria

A

are prokaryote cells

25
Q

Bacteria Shapes:

A

Rod (baccili)
Spherical (Cocci)
Spiral (spiro)

26
Q

Bacteria Colonies:

A

Strepto (chain)
Staphylo (cluster)
Di- or Tetrad-

27
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

ulcers

28
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

atypical pneumonia

29
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Bubonic or black plague

30
Q

Kingdom Archaebacteria

A
    • CW w/ polysaccharides & proteins
    • CM w/ ether lipids
    • DNA w/ histones
    • No pathogenic species found
    • Discovered by nucleic acids in environmental samples
31
Q

3 main Phyla

A

Crenarchaeota – thermophiles
Euryarchaeota – methanogens, halophiles
Nanoarchaeota

32
Q

Kingdom Eubacteria

A
    • CW w/ peptidoglycans
    • CM w/o ether lipids
    • DNA w/o histones
    • Includes economic beneficial species and pathogens
33
Q

Classification

A

Cyanobacteria-photosynthetic; mostly fresh water; some multicellular forms; some form “lichens”; nitrogen fixing

Gram-positive

Gram-negative

34
Q

Aseptic Techniques

A
Disinfectant
Antibiotic
Bactericidal
Culturing
Swab
Petri dish
Growing Medium
35
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

Protists; eukaryotic; unicellular

36
Q

Phylum; plant like

A

chlorophyta; green algae
phaeophyta; brown algae
rhodophyta; red algae
bacillariophyta; diatoms

37
Q

Phylum; animal like

A

zoomastigophora; flagellates
sarcodina; amoeboid
ciliophora; cilia
apiocomplexa; “test’ + flagellum