Viruses Flashcards
Circoviruses
Characteristics of the virus
- circular ssDNA, Ø envelop
- nucleic acid also infective, inactivation is difficult
- use cellular polymerase enzyme → young dividing cells
- high resistance, infectious for months in env
- good antigens
Porcine Circoviruses
Virus and diseases
PCV-1 - non pathogenic
PCV-2:
- PMWS = Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome
- PDNS = Porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome
- PRDC = Porcine respiratory disease complex
- PRF = Porcine Reproductive failure
(-PGE = Porcine granulomatous enteritis)
(-PNL = Porine Necrotising lymphadenitis)
(- PCT = Porcine Congenital tremor)
(- PEE = Porcine exudative epidermitis)
Avian Circoviruses
Virus and diseases
- Beak and Feather Disease (BFD)
- Pigeon Circovirus (PiCV)
- Goose Circovirus (GoCV)
- CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA (CAV)
Parvo
Characteristics
- ssDNA, Ø envelop → very strong resistance
- use cellular polymerase enzyme → young dividing cells
- Good antigenicity, can induce life-long immunity
- STENOXEN
Parvo
Virus and diseases
- Pig: SMEDI - PPV-1
- Dog: Canine enteritis - CPV-2
- Cat: Feline Panleukopenia (feline infectious gastroenteritis) - Feline panleukopenia virus and CPV-2 (10%)
- Mink:
- —- Parvoviral enteritis of Mink - mink enteritis virus
- —- Aleutian Mink Disease (plasmocytosis) - aleutian mink disease virus
- Birds:
- —- Goose & Muscovy ducks: Derzsy’s disease (Goose plague, goose viral hepatitis, goose parvo enteritis, goose influenza) - dependoparvovirus
- —- Duck parvovirus
- —- Short Beak and Dwarfism syndrome - duck parvovirus
Papillomavirus
Characteristics
- Ø envelop → very strong resistance
- dsDNA, linear - use viral transcriptase
- Good antigens, but hidden, no cross protection
- STENOXEN, ONCOGENE
- Latent infection - genome in the nucleus
- No replication in cell culture because need keratin - epitheliotrop viruses
Papillomavirus
Viruses and diseases
- Bovine papillomatosis - Bovine papillomavirus (BPV)
- Horse papillomatosis - EPV2 types
- Horse Sarcoid - BPaV-1 and BPaV-2
- Dog, cat papillomatosis
Polyomavirus
Characteristics
- Ø envelop → very strong resistance
- dsDNA, icosahedral - - use viral transcriptase
Good antigens, but hidden, no cross protection - STENOXEN, ONCOGENE
- Latent infection - integration in the chromosome of the cell
- in tissue culture: microtumour
Polyomavirus
Viruses and diseases
Most imp: Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus = haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of young geese
Other:
- Budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) - parrots, falcon, finch
- Human, monkey, cattle, rodent, bat polyomavirus - oncogenic and persistent
- mouse polyomavirus - multiplex neoplasms
- hamster, rat polyomavirus
- avian polyomavirus in young parrots
Adenovirus
Characteristics
- dsDNA, icosahedral, Ø envelop → very strong resistance (pH 3-10, 60°C)
- Diverse pathogenicity - frequent asymptomatic carriers
- Oncogen effect
- Strong antigens - good immune response
- cross reaction within genus - serogroups
Adenovirus
Viruses and diseases
Dog:
- CaDV-1 → Infectious canine hepatitis - fox hepatitis - Rubarth disease
- CaDV-2 → Canine infectious laryngotracheitis - Kennel Cough
Calf and lamb: Adenoviral pneumoenteritis
- Calf: mastadenovirus genus (BAdv-1, -3, -10, -2, -9) (replication in bovine kidney cells) + atadenovirus genus (BAdv-4, -5, -8; -6; -7)
- Lamb: Mastadenovirus (BAdV-2, OAdV-2; -5; -1, -6) + Atadenovirus (OAdV-7, -1)
Poultry:
- Serogroup I: aviadenovirus
—- Chicken inclusion body hepatitis - FAdV-1, -7, -8
—- Hepatitis - hydropericardium syndrome in goose - FAdV-4
- Serogroup II: Siadenovirus - Turkey siadenovirus A
—- Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis
—- Marble spleen disease
—- Splenomegaly
- Serogroup III:
—- Egg drop syndrome - Duck Atadenovirus 1
Herpesvirus
Characteristics
- dsDNA, enveloped!! → weak resistance
- Immunosuppressive
- STENOXEN!! Except: Aujeszky, Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Turkey Herpes, Money herpes B
- Weak antigens = weak immune response - vaccine protection for few months only
- Cross reaction within genera, and cross protection
- α-herpes: broad spectrum, short replication cycle (<24h) + latency in neurons
- β-herpes: narrow spectrum, longer replication cycle (>24h), latency in glandular and lymphoid tissue
- γ-herpes: narrow spectrum, B and T cell tumors, immunosuppression, lymphoic cell latency and reactivation of viruses after immunosuppression
Herpesvirus
Viruses and diseases
α-herpes: Varicellovirus
- BHV-1 = several diseases in cattle:
—- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
—- Infectious Pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)
—- Balanoposthitis (IBP)
—- Conjunctivitis, abortion, encephalomyelitis, mastitis
- BHV-2 = 2 diseases → Bovine mammilitis + pseudo-lumpy skin disease
- BHV-5 = IBR
- SuHV-1 = Aujeszky’s disease - pseudorabies
- EHV4 = Equine rhinopneumonitis (abortion storms)
- EHV3 = Coital Exanthema of horse
- CaHV-1
- FeHV-1 = infectious rhinotracheitis
α-herpes: Mardivirus → Marek’s disease - Gallid herpes virus 2
α-herpes: Iltovirus → Gallid herpes virus 1 = Infectious Laryngotracheitis of chicken
β-herpes - unassigned - SuHV-2 = inclusion body rhinitis in pig
γ-herpes
- Macavirus = Malignant Catarrhal Fever viruses = OvHV-2 and AlHV-1, -2
- EHV-2, -5
+ Duck plague : Anatid herpes virus
Poxvirus
Characteristics
- dsDNA, enveloped→ resistance up to decades - very resistant - +++ parapox
- Epitheliotrop virus - replicate in cytoplasma = cytoplasmic IB
- Survival of the infection = long lasting and lifelong immunity (except parapox)
- cross reaction within genus
- Zoonotic agents: cowpox, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis, contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and goat (orf)
- Infection - 1ry replication → Stadium erythematosum → Stadium papulosum → Stadium vesiculosum → Stadium crustosum → Stadium decrustionis
Poxvirus
Viruses and diseases
Orthopoxviruses “real pox virus”
- Cowpox
- Monkeypox
- Vaccinia
- Variola = small pox
Parapox “para = irregular”
- Bovine papular stomatitis virus
- Org virus = Contagious pustular dermatitis
- Pseudocowpox virus
Capripox
- sheeppox virus
- goatpoxvirus
- lumpy skin disease virus
Leporipox - Myxoma virus = myxomatosis
Avipox: fowlpox
